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主動語態變為被動語態的方法

一、簡單句的主動語態變被動語態

(1) 通常的辦法是：將主動結構中的賓語變為被動結構中的主語，將主動結構中的謂語動詞變為“be / get +過去分詞”形式，將主動結構中的主語變為介詞by的賓語(若動作的執行者沒有必要說明則可以省略該by短語)。如：

Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 這棵樹是李蕾去年栽的。

Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 這些機器是長沙造的。

(2) 將含有復合賓語的句子變為被動語態時，應將賓語變為被動結構的主語，而賓語的補足語則留在原處成為主語補足語。如：

He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天門被漆成綠色了。

注意：表示“使、讓”的動詞make, have等，以及感官動詞see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主動語態中，接不定式做賓語補足語時，不定式前的 to 要省略，而變為被動語態時，成為主語補足語的不定式，則必須帶to。如：

I saw him go into the teachers’office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’office. 看見他進入了教師辦公室。

(3) 帶雙賓語的句子變為被動語態時，既可將直接賓語變為被動語態的主語，而在間接賓語前加to 或for留在動詞之后；也可將間接賓語變為被動結構的主語，而直接賓語留在動詞之后。但一般采用后一種用法。如(from www.hz123456.com)：

He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 這支筆是去年給我的。

【說明】一般說來，間接賓語前帶to的動詞有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；間接賓語前帶for的動詞有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等(from www.hz123456.com)。

(4) 動詞believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被動語態，常有兩種結構形式。如：

He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人們說他在車禍中受傷了。

It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人們說他在車禍中受傷了。

(5) 短語動詞變被動語態時，短語動詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。如：

She has never been operated on before. 她從未動過手術。

The baby was looked after by her sister. 這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。

His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的計劃大家都嘲笑。

二、復合句的主動語態變被動語態

復合句的主動語態變被動語態時，復合句中的主句和從句都須同時變為被動語態。如：

Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. →We were told that Li Lei was praised by the teacher today. 有人告訴我們說今天李蕾受到了老師的表揚(from www.hz123456.com)。