替代詞it, one, that和those用法說(shuō)明

為了避免重復(fù)出現(xiàn)前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的名詞，常用it, one, that, those來(lái)替代。這幾個(gè)替代詞是高考中的一個(gè)常考點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)將各個(gè)替代詞的用法歸納如下：

用法說(shuō)明一：

it和that都替代“the+單數(shù)名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))”，都是特指，都可替代可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同類”事物。如：

My father bought me a pen and I like it very much.我父親給我買了一支鋼筆，我非常喜歡它。(it替代the pen，指前面提到的父親給我買的那支鋼筆)

This dictionary is more useful than that (=the one)I bought yesterday.這本詞典比我昨天買的更有用。(that替代the dictionary，與前面的this dictionary是同類)

用法說(shuō)明二：

one替代“a＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，表示泛指；其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones替代泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。特指的the one相當(dāng)于that，替代“the+單數(shù)名詞”；the one的復(fù)數(shù)形式the ones，替代“the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，在口語(yǔ)中也常用those代替。當(dāng)后面有of短語(yǔ)時(shí)，多用that或those；當(dāng)有前置修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用one(s)。另外，one(s), the one(s), those都只能替代可數(shù)名詞。如：

Radios are useful for me to learn English. I’d like to buy one.收音機(jī)對(duì)我學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有用，我想買一臺(tái)。(one替代a radio，是泛指收音機(jī)這類東西中的一臺(tái)) (from www.yygrammar)

We still have shortcomings，and they are very big ones too. 我們還有缺點(diǎn)，而且是很大的缺點(diǎn)。(ones替代shortcomings)

We kept seats for those who might arrive late.我們給可能來(lái)晚的人留了座位。(those=the ones替代the persons)

Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light.紅色光線的波長(zhǎng)約為藍(lán)色波長(zhǎng)的兩倍。(those替代the waves)

The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall. 蘇格蘭的人口是康沃爾人口的八倍。(that替代不可數(shù)名詞the population，不能用the one)