規(guī)律6  利用思維定勢設(shè)置干擾項

同學(xué)們在對某個知識點或重要句式進(jìn)行反復(fù)操練后，往往會形成一定的思維定勢。由于思維定勢在很大程度上帶有慣性，有時甚至是惰性，所以同學(xué)們在做題時若不仔細(xì)讀題，認(rèn)真分析，很可能會受此影響，步入誤區(qū)。如：

1. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. (2008福建卷)

A. that     B. which     C. when      D. where

【分析】C。本題很容易讓考生受思維定勢的負(fù)面影響，見到so馬上選擇that，殊不知此題考查的是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，句意為：南希去年拜訪悉尼的朋友時過得非常開心。如果選A，則句意為：南希玩得如此開心以至于拜訪了悉尼的幾個朋友。顯然，意思不合邏輯。

2. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. (2008寧夏卷)

A. has joined      B. joins C. had joined      D. joined

【分析】D。許多同學(xué)認(rèn)為since總是要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的，所以誤選了A。其實，本句中since she join the Chinese Society為I have known Dr. Jackson since she joined the Chinese Society之省略。連詞since所搭配的時態(tài)通常是：主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。

3. —They are quiet, aren’t they?

—Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals. (2008江蘇卷)

A. to talk B. to not talk       C. to talking D. to not talking

【分析】D。此題設(shè)計得很巧妙。有的同學(xué)在排除選項B時，同時也會排除選項D，因為它們的結(jié)構(gòu)太相似了。但事實上，正確答案正是D。be accustomed to的意思是“習(xí)慣于做……”，其中的to通常被認(rèn)為是介詞，后接名詞或動名詞，但在現(xiàn)代英語中，其后也可接動詞原形，即其中的to被視為不定式符號。照此分析，好像四個答案都可以，但其實只有D最佳。因為根據(jù)語境分析(注意其中的are quiet, yes等關(guān)鍵詞)，此題應(yīng)選一個否定式，故可排除A和C。另外，從語法上分析，非謂語動詞的否定式總是將not置于非謂語動詞之前，所以C應(yīng)改為not to talk才對；至于D，由于其中的to是介詞，其后接動名詞talking作賓語，動名詞talking的否定式為not talking，所以說to not talking是正確的。

規(guī)律7  直接引用詞典原句進(jìn)行命題

近年來，高考英語命題一直有個習(xí)慣，就是喜歡從一些原版英語詞典上直接引用例句進(jìn)行命題。這點希望引起同學(xué)們的注意。下面請看幾個例子：

1. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy. (2008遼寧卷)

A. a; 不填        B. the; the        C. 不填; the D. a; the

【分析】D。go for a walk為固定表達(dá)，意為“去散步”；have got the energy意為“有精力”。此題出自Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary的the詞條，詞典上的原句為：I’d like to go out this evening, but I don’t think I’ve got the energy.

2. —I’d like some more cheese.

—Sorry, there’s ______ left. (2008浙江卷)

A. some  B. none       C. a little D. few

【分析】B。由于cheese不可數(shù)，故可排除D；再根據(jù)句中的sorry可知，此處應(yīng)填表否定意義的none。注：此題出自Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary的none詞條，詞典上的原句為：“I’d like some more cheese.” “I’m sorry there’s none left.”

3. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2008山東卷)

A. though       B. for      C. but   D. so

【分析】B。for在此表原因。又如：He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他搖了搖頭，因為他有不同想法。 注：此題出自Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English的for詞條，詞典上的原句為：He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.

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