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英語哪些成分可以省略(下)

6. 省略狀語

—What is Wei Fang doing on the playground? 魏芳在操場上干什么？

—She is playing basketball (on the playground). 她在打籃球。

—Why is Jim standing under the tree? 吉姆為什么站在樹下？

—Because he is waiting for his friend (under the tree). 因為他在等朋友。

7. 省略小品詞

(1) 感、知覺動詞(see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to) 、使(have, make) 、讓(let, leave) 動詞后的不定式作賓補時，小品詞to須省略。如：

Did you see a yellow dog pass here? 你看見一條黃狗從這兒過去了嗎？

The boss made the workers work more than ten hours a day. 老板是工人們每天工作十多個小時。

Let me see. 讓我想想。

(2) and連接兩個不定式時，前一個不定式帶to，而后一個不定式不能帶to。如：

The teacher told the students to be quiet and write down the words on a sheet of paper. 老師要學生們安靜下來，把單詞寫到一張紙上。

(3) but, except等連接兩個不定式時，若but, except前面有動詞do的某種形式，則他們后面的不定式的to須省略。如：

He could do nothing but wait there. 他只能等在那兒。

She had nothing to do except play. 她除了玩沒有任何事做。

(4) 當不定式作表語時，如果主語從句中含有do的某種形式時，不定式的to 須省略。如：

The first thing she did was go and thank her dear teacher. 她所做的第一件事就是去感謝她親愛的老師。

What we can do now is wait for help. 現在我們所能做的就是等待著援助。

(5) help后面的不定式的to可省略也可不省略。如：

Can you come and help me (to) write the essay, please? 請來幫助我寫這篇文章好嗎？

8. 連詞that的省略

(1) 賓語從句中的that 可以省略，但當多個賓語從句并列時，只能省略第一個that。如:

He told us (that) his bike was broken down on his way here. 他告訴我們說，他在來這里的路上，但車壞了。

She said (that) she wanted to learn English well and that she wanted to be an translator. 她說她想把英語學好，并且想當翻譯。

(2) 定語從句中的that作從句中的賓語時，that可以省略。如：

The man (that) you met just now is Mike’s brother. 你剛才會到的那個人是邁克的兄弟。

The dictionary (that) you bought yesterday is very good. 你昨天買的那本詞典很好。

(3) 當主語中有do的某種形式時，表語從句前面的that 可以省略。如：

The first thing I want to do is (that) I can learn my lessons well. 我想做的第一件事就是把功課學好。

What I like to do now is (that) we can have a good rest. 我現在想做的事就是好好的休息一會兒。