當(dāng)心別讓非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞給蒙了

作者：陳穆嘉（湖南）

來(lái)源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2004年第11期（pp15-18)

有這樣一道試題：

_______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.

A. Follow          B. Following         C. To follow           D. Followed

許多同學(xué)一看題目選項(xiàng)便想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，這是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別，于是便在B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)上下工夫比較，但事實(shí)上，此題不是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的，答案既不是B，也不是C，也不是D。

做對(duì)此題的關(guān)鍵是要注意句中的連詞and，它表明整個(gè)句子是一個(gè)并列句，即 and 前后應(yīng)各是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，而不應(yīng)是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)形式的短語(yǔ)，所以此題的正確答案應(yīng)選A，即 and 前是一個(gè)祈使句。請(qǐng)將此題與下面兩題比較：

1. _______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.

A. Follow              B. Following

C. To follow          D. Followed

【分析】此題應(yīng)選B，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)表?xiàng)l件(注意句中沒(méi)有并列連詞)。

2. _______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.

A. Follow              B. Following

C. To follow          D. Followed

【分析】此題應(yīng)選C，不定式短語(yǔ)表目的。

請(qǐng)做以下各題，它們是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞嗎？答案是選A，還是B，或C，或D？

1. ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.

A. Drink                B. To drink            

C. Drinking          D. Having drunk

2. _____ me, and don’t just stand there laughing.

  A. Answer            B. To answer        

C. Answering      D. To be answering

3. ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.

A. Watch               B. Watching

C. To watch          D. Have watched

4. _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.

A. Look                 B. Looking

C. To look             D. Having looked

5. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A. Leave               B. Leaving           

C. If you leave     D. When left

【分析】以上各題答案均選A，因?yàn)楦黝}句中均有一個(gè)并列連詞 and，即填空句為祈使句。

注意，有時(shí)可能不用連詞，而用破折號(hào)，如以下兩題答案均選B，填空句也為祈使句：

1. _____ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning            B. Turn                  

C. Turned             D. To turn  

2. _____ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.

A. Trying               B. Try                     

C. To try                D. Having tried

請(qǐng)做以下各題，它們是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞嗎？答案是選A，還是B，或C，或D？

1. ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A. Give                  B. To give

C. Giving              D. Given

2. ______ left when you get to the end of the street.

A. Keep                B. Keeping

C. To keep            D. Kept

3. ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

A. Put                    B. Putting

C. To put               D. To be putting

4. ______ until the lights have turned to green.

A. Wait                  B. To wait

C. Waiting            D. Having waited

5. ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.

A. Join                  B. To join

C. Joining            D. Joined

【分析】以上各題答案均選A，原因是每句中均包括有從屬連詞(如 when, before, until 等)，即整個(gè)句子為一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，而填空句仍為祈使句。

套用以上分析，請(qǐng)你做做以下試題：

1. Don’t give me a long account, just _____ me the plain facts.

A. tell                     B. telling

C. to tell                D. to be telling

2. First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.

A. prepare, cook  B. preparing, cooking

C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking

3. Don’t waste your money on silly things — ______ it.

A. save                  B. to save

C. saving               D. having saved

4. To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.

A. put                    B. putting

C. to put                D. to be putting

5. Before you send the letter, _____ with Bill to see if the address is right.

A. check               B. to check

C. checking         D. checked

6. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

A. Sleep               B. To sleep

C. Sleeping         D. Having slept

7. _____ the early bus, Mr Smith got up at six.

A. Catch               B. To catch

C. Catching         D. Having caught

8. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.

A. look, have       B. looking, had

C. look, had         D. looking, have

9. _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told                           B. Though to be told

C. Having told      D. He was told

10. _____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told                           B. Though he was told

C. To have been told                          D. He was told

【答案與解析】第1—5 題答案均選A，填空句均為祈使句。第6—7 題均選B，填空部分為不定式用作目的狀語(yǔ)。第8題選C，第一空應(yīng)填 look, 因?yàn)檫@是祈使句的謂語(yǔ)；第二空應(yīng)填 had，因?yàn)榍耙痪湔f(shuō)“看看時(shí)間吧”，這一看當(dāng)然知道了現(xiàn)在很遲的情形，“不知道這么遲了”顯然應(yīng)是“過(guò)去”的事，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。第9題選A，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)句意，he 與 tell 應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；另外，從時(shí)間上看，應(yīng)該是“被告訴”在先，“沒(méi)有理解”在后，故要用 having been told 這一現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式。注意不能選D，因?yàn)?/SPAN> He was told 與 he still didn’t understand it 這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間缺乏必要的銜接關(guān)系。第10題選D，句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個(gè)句子為并列句，同時(shí)表明 but 前應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子，而不能是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(即不能選A或C)；又因?yàn)?/SPAN> though 為從屬連詞，用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，它與連接并列句的并列連詞 but 不“兼容”，所以也不能選B。

（編輯  陳根花）