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當心別讓非謂語動詞給蒙了

作者：陳穆嘉（湖南）

來源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2004年第11期（pp15-18)

有這樣一道試題：

_______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.

A. Follow          B. Following         C. To follow           D. Followed

許多同學一看題目選項便想當然地認為，這是考查非謂語動詞的用法區別，于是便在B、C、D三個選項上下工夫比較，但事實上，此題不是考查非謂語動詞的，答案既不是B，也不是C，也不是D。

做對此題的關鍵是要注意句中的連詞and，它表明整個句子是一個并列句，即 and 前后應各是一個獨立的句子，而不應是一個非謂語形式的短語，所以此題的正確答案應選A，即 and 前是一個祈使句。請將此題與下面兩題比較：

1. _______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.

A. Follow              B. Following

C. To follow          D. Followed

【分析】此題應選B，現在分詞短語表條件(注意句中沒有并列連詞)。

2. _______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.

A. Follow              B. Following

C. To follow          D. Followed

【分析】此題應選C，不定式短語表目的。

請做以下各題，它們是考查非謂語動詞嗎？答案是選A，還是B，或C，或D？

1. ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.

A. Drink                B. To drink            

C. Drinking          D. Having drunk

2. _____ me, and don’t just stand there laughing.

  A. Answer            B. To answer        

C. Answering      D. To be answering

3. ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.

A. Watch               B. Watching

C. To watch          D. Have watched

4. _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.

A. Look                 B. Looking

C. To look             D. Having looked

5. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A. Leave               B. Leaving           

C. If you leave     D. When left

【分析】以上各題答案均選A，因為各題句中均有一個并列連詞 and，即填空句為祈使句。

注意，有時可能不用連詞，而用破折號，如以下兩題答案均選B，填空句也為祈使句：

1. _____ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning            B. Turn                  

C. Turned             D. To turn  

2. _____ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.

A. Trying               B. Try                     

C. To try                D. Having tried

請做以下各題，它們是考查非謂語動詞嗎？答案是選A，還是B，或C，或D？

1. ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A. Give                  B. To give

C. Giving              D. Given

2. ______ left when you get to the end of the street.

A. Keep                B. Keeping

C. To keep            D. Kept

3. ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

A. Put                    B. Putting

C. To put               D. To be putting

4. ______ until the lights have turned to green.

A. Wait                  B. To wait

C. Waiting            D. Having waited

5. ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.

A. Join                  B. To join

C. Joining            D. Joined

【分析】以上各題答案均選A，原因是每句中均包括有從屬連詞(如 when, before, until 等)，即整個句子為一個主從復合句，而填空句仍為祈使句。

套用以上分析，請你做做以下試題：

1. Don’t give me a long account, just _____ me the plain facts.

A. tell                     B. telling

C. to tell                D. to be telling

2. First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.

A. prepare, cook  B. preparing, cooking

C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking

3. Don’t waste your money on silly things — ______ it.

A. save                  B. to save

C. saving               D. having saved

4. To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.

A. put                    B. putting

C. to put                D. to be putting

5. Before you send the letter, _____ with Bill to see if the address is right.

A. check               B. to check

C. checking         D. checked

6. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

A. Sleep               B. To sleep

C. Sleeping         D. Having slept

7. _____ the early bus, Mr Smith got up at six.

A. Catch               B. To catch

C. Catching         D. Having caught

8. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.

A. look, have       B. looking, had

C. look, had         D. looking, have

9. _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told                           B. Though to be told

C. Having told      D. He was told

10. _____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told                           B. Though he was told

C. To have been told                          D. He was told

【答案與解析】第1—5 題答案均選A，填空句均為祈使句。第6—7 題均選B，填空部分為不定式用作目的狀語。第8題選C，第一空應填 look, 因為這是祈使句的謂語；第二空應填 had，因為前一句說“看看時間吧”，這一看當然知道了現在很遲的情形，“不知道這么遲了”顯然應是“過去”的事，故應用一般過去時態。第9題選A，因為根據句意，he 與 tell 應是被動關系；另外，從時間上看，應該是“被告訴”在先，“沒有理解”在后，故要用 having been told 這一現在分詞的完成被動式。注意不能選D，因為 He was told 與 he still didn’t understand it 這兩個簡單句之間缺乏必要的銜接關系。第10題選D，句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個句子為并列句，同時表明 but 前應是一個完整的句子，而不能是一個非謂語動詞短語(即不能選A或C)；又因為 though 為從屬連詞，用以引導讓步狀語從句，它與連接并列句的并列連詞 but 不“兼容”，所以也不能選B。

（編輯  陳根花）