不定式完成式具有哪些句法功能　　

■本站特約作者  陳根花

不定式完成式所表的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，它在句子中可以用作以下句子成分：　　

一、用作主語(yǔ)。如：　　

To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable. 兩次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤是不可原諒的。　　

To have told my secret would have given me away. 要是講出了我的秘密就是把我自己出賣了。　　

二、用作表語(yǔ)。如：　　

He seems to have been sick. 他好像生病了。　　

I was to have left yesterday. 我本來(lái)打算昨天出發(fā)的。　　

No harm seems to have been done. 似乎沒(méi)有造成損失。　　

三、用作賓語(yǔ)。如：　　

He claimed to have reached the top of the mountain. 他聲稱已攀上那座山的頂峰。　　

By 1992，he hopes to have opened a branch overseas. 到1992年，他希望能在海外開(kāi)一分店。　　

四、用作定語(yǔ)。如：　　

There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 沒(méi)有必要給我買一雙新鞋。　　

She’s the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes. 她是惟一得過(guò)3次諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的科學(xué)家。　　

She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 她是第一個(gè)被選到這個(gè)職位的婦女。　　

五、用作狀語(yǔ)。如：　　

You’re far too clever to have done that. 你太聰明了不會(huì)這樣做。　　

He is too young to have seen the old society. 他太年輕，沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)舊社會(huì)。

六、用作賓補(bǔ)。如：　　

I believe it to have been a mistake. 我認(rèn)為這一直就是錯(cuò)的。　　

These letters show him to have been a lovable character. 這些信表明他是一個(gè)可愛(ài)的人物。　　

His record shows him to have worked hard at school. 他的成績(jī)單說(shuō)明他在學(xué)校很用功。　　

七、用作主補(bǔ)。如：　　

He was later discovered to have been a spy. 后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)他原來(lái)是間諜(www.hz123456.com)。　　

The game was originally scheduled to have taken place in Rome. 這場(chǎng)球賽原本定在羅馬舉行。