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“介詞+by+名詞”類結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 | |||
作者:語法飛揚(yáng) 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2011/4/27 |
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“介詞+by+名詞”類結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 1. 主要意思及句法功能 我們這討論的主要是 A by A 的用法, 即by 前后兩個(gè)名詞完全一樣,且其前不用任何限定詞,其大意為“一……一……地”。與A after A 可用作主語、賓語和狀語有所不同,A by A這類結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中主要用作狀語。如: Day by day he became weaker. 他的身體一天天變虛弱。 The bridge was taken down piece by piece. 橋梁被一部分一部分地拆毀。 We skied down the slope one by one. 我們一個(gè)接一個(gè)地從山坡上滑了下來。 He assembled the model aircraft bit by bit. 他把飛機(jī)模型一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地組裝起來。 They climbed the steep mountain inch by inch. 他們一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地攀上那座陡峭的山。 Little by little, he became used to his new family. 他一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地習(xí)慣了自己新的家庭。 There’s a lot to learn, so we’ll do it step by step. 有許多要學(xué)的東西,所以我們會(huì)一步步來。 有時(shí)翻譯比較靈活。如: Week by week he grew a little stronger. 每過一個(gè)星期他都更健壯一點(diǎn)兒。 Year by year their affection for each other grew stronger. 年復(fù)一年,他們對(duì)彼此的愛愈加強(qiáng)烈。 The police are building up a picture of the incident stage by stage. 警察正在逐步摸清那次事件的經(jīng)過。 有時(shí)需視所搭配的詞來確定其意思。如: The children came in two by two. 孩子兩個(gè)兩個(gè)地進(jìn)來。 2. day by day與day after day的區(qū)別 兩者均可表示“一天天”之類的意思,但day by day指一個(gè)連續(xù)不斷的過程,強(qiáng)調(diào)逐漸在變化;day after day表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的行為,強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)時(shí)間的長久。比較: Things are getting worse day by day. 情況一天天變?cè)恪?/SPAN> Day by day he learnt more about his job. 他日益了解自己的工作了。 Day after day went by, and still no message arrived. 一天天過去了,一直還沒有消息。 Day after day he waited in vain for her to telephone him. 日復(fù)一日,他徒勞地等待著她的電話。 另外,從句法功能上看,day by day 在句中通常用作狀語;而day after day 除用作狀語外,還可用作主語或賓語。 【注】year after year與year by year也具有以上區(qū)別。如: It’s always the same, year after year. 年年總是如此。 Things are getting worse year by year. 情況一年年變?cè)恪?/SPAN> 3. 用于習(xí)語的常用搭配 有些 A by A 為特殊習(xí)語,不能按“一……一……地”這樣來理解,如side by side,它的用法如下: (1) 表示“并排”“并肩”。如: Old and young marched side by side. 老幼并肩前進(jìn)。 They hung the two pictures side by side. 他們把兩幅畫并排掛著。 Let’s put them side by side for comparison. 把它們放在一起比較一下吧。 The students stood side by side for the class photo. 學(xué)生們肩并肩地站好全班照相。 (2) 表示“并肩”“相互支持”。如: We stand side by side with you in this dispute. 我們?cè)谶@次辯論中相互支持。 (3) 表示“并行不悖”“相安無事”。如: Different traditions coexist successfully side by side. 不同的傳統(tǒng)和諧地共存著。 The two communities exist happily side by side. 兩年來,兩套系統(tǒng)我們一直同時(shí)使用,并不矛盾。 |
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