四、狀語從句省略陷阱

為了簡潔起見，有的狀語從句(如時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、方式狀語從句等)有時可省略從句的主語和部分謂語(尤其是當從句主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語包括有動詞be時)：

While (he was) waiting, he saw Jim pass by. 他在等時見到吉姆路過。

He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他張開口好像要說話似的。

Often she would weep when (she was) alone. 她一個人時，常常哭泣。

I’d like to see you whenever (it’s) convenient. 你方便時我想來看看你。

有些由if構成的省略結構，已屬固定短語，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so。如：

There are few, if any, mistakes in that book. 那本書就是有錯誤也不多。

If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要，可以打電話到我家找我。

If possible, I wish to come next time. 如果可能，我希望下次能來。

He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now? 他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以后再來拜訪。要是不忙，我現在可以見他嗎?

請看下面的考題：

1. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _________ to.

A. spoken            B. speaking          C. speak                 D. be spoken

【分析】此題容易誤選B，認為until 是介詞，后接動詞時用動名詞形式。其實，此題應選A，until spoken to 為 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意為“他是個沉默寡言的人，別人不同他說話，他很少同別人說話”。

2. If carefully _________, the experiment will be successful.

A. do                  B. does                C. done                 D. doing

【分析】答案選C，為 if it is carefully done 之省略。

3. The research is so designed that once _________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins             B. having begun    C. beginning        D. begun

【分析】答案選D，為 once it is begun 之省略。

五、虛擬語氣省略陷阱

在虛擬條件句中，有時可將引導條件從句的連詞if省略，而將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如：

Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我會拒絕。

I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我會去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞，我們就準時到達了。

值得注意的是，若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應置于主語之后，而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。另外，有時省略if后提前的had不是助動詞。如：

Had I time, I would come. 假若我有時間，我會來的。（=If I had time…）

請看一道試題：

It _________ very silly to argue any more against each other about it _________ true.

A. will be; could that be                      B. must be; could that be

C. should be; was that to be                D. would be; should that be

【分析】有些同學會認為主句表示推測，從而將答案誤選為 B。其實，只要分析一下句子成分就很簡單了。四個選項均為謂語動詞，且第2 空所給選項為倒裝，這正好與虛擬語氣中省略 if 時倒裝結構一致。由此可知該題考查與將來相反的虛擬語氣的用法。故答案選 D。

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