“for+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)用法詳解

“for+賓語+不定式”是英語中一個十分有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅在閱讀理解中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，而且，如果同學(xué)們在書面表達中能巧妙地運用它，將會增添文章亮點，提高文章的檔次。為幫助同學(xué)們正確理解和掌握這一結(jié)構(gòu)，本文對這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法作了一個全面的歸納，同時，對于其使用上應(yīng)注意的地方也給出了詳細(xì)的說明。

一、“for+賓語+不定式”的句法功能

1. 用作主語

For you to ask Joe would be a big mistake. 你要是去問喬，那將是一大錯誤。

For Ann to go to France would make me very happy. 安要是到法國去將使我感到很高興。

注：這類結(jié)構(gòu)通常會借助形式主語來表達，即在句首使用形式主語，而將真正用作主語的“for+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)移至句末。如：

It’s too expensive for me to buy. 太貴了，我買不起。

It’s impossible for me to leave my family. 我是不可能離開家的。

It’s impossible for the job to be finished in time. 這項任務(wù)要按時完成是不可能的。

It’s an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很榮幸被邀在這里講話。

It’s a new experience for her to be travelling by plane. 坐飛機對她是—次新經(jīng)歷。

It’ll take time for her to recover from the illness. 她的病要很長時間才能痊愈。

It took twenty minutes for the smoke to clear. 過了20分鐘煙才散完。

2. 用作表語

It is for you to decide. 該由你來決定。

His idea is for us to travel in separate cars. 他的意思是我們不要同乘一輛汽車。

Our aim is for students to learn as quickly as possible. 我們的目的是讓學(xué)生盡快學(xué)到東西。

All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我們能在一起。

The simplest thing is for him to resign. 最簡單的辦法是他辭職。

3. 用作賓語

She hates for people to feel sad. 她不愿看到人們憂心忡忡。

They didn’t mean for her to read the letter. 他們并未打算讓她看那封信。

I would like for you to stay as long as you want. 我希望你留下來，想留多久就留多久。

注：這類結(jié)構(gòu)用作賓語的情形主要見于非正式的美國英語中，且主要限于like, hate, mean, intend等少數(shù)動詞。不過，當(dāng)有形式賓語時，這類結(jié)構(gòu)用作賓語的情況倒是很普遍(注意形式賓語的使用)。如：

He made it very difficult for us to refuse. 他弄得我們很難拒絕。

I thought it strange for her to be out so late. 她這么晚還不回來，我覺得有些奇怪。

4．用作定語

It’s time for everybody to go to bed. 是大家睡覺的時候了。

There’s nothing for the cats to eat. 貓沒有東西可吃了。

Have you got something for me to do? 你給我找了什么事做嗎?

All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye. 剩下我所要做的就是告辭了。

5. 用作同位語

He gave orders for one million military personnel to demobilize. 他命令100萬軍人復(fù)員。

6. 用作狀語

(1) 目的狀語。如：

I can’t wait for them to finish talking. 我不能等到他們把話談完。

She opened the door for me to come in. 她開門讓我進去。

She looked up and nodded for me to come in. 她抬起頭來，并點頭讓我進去。

For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 為了增加銷量，我們必須降低價格。

(2) 結(jié)果狀語。如：

The print is too small for me to read without glasses. 印刷字體太小，我不帶眼鏡就看不清。

I wish you’d write clearly enough for us to read it. 但愿你能寫得清楚點，我們好能看明白。

(3) 條件狀語。如：

How would it do for me to write to him? 我來給他寫信如何?

(4) 比較狀語。如：

There's nothing worse than for a person to ill-treat a child. 沒有什么比虐待小孩更惡劣的了。

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