利用插入成分命題的典型考題

有時一個本來很簡單的句子，由于表達的需要，在其中置入一個插入成分，或將某些成分從正常位置調入一個在同學們看來屬“非正常”的位置(如賓語從句前置等)，則很有可能給同學們的理解帶來困難（尤其是閱讀能力不是很好的同學會更感困難）。假若命題人就此命題，那就更麻煩了。請看以下幾個典型實例：

1. Don’t you know, my dear friend, _________ it is you that she loves?

A. who                     B. which                   C. that                     D. what

【分析】此題容易誤選 A或B，選 A 者認為這是指人的，故用 who；選B者認為這是非限制性定語從句，兩者都是誤認為這是定語從句(注意沒有先行詞)，其實此題應選C，它引導的是一個賓語從句，只是被其中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。其實此句也可說成 My dear friend, don’t you know that it is you that she loves? 又如：

I think, though I could be mistaken, _________ he liked me.

A. who                     B. which                   C. that                      D. what

答案選 C，句子可改寫為 I think that he liked me, though I could be mistaken. 即 that he liked me 是動詞 think 之賓語從句。

2. He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that                     B. which                   C. as                        D. because

【分析】此題容易誤選 B，誤認為這是非限制性定語從句。其實此題應選 A，that 引導的是一個用以修飾名詞 the news 的同位語從句。不少同學之所以誤選B，正是 believe it or not（信不信由你）這個插入成分惹的禍。

3. John plays football _________, if not better than, David.

A. as well                 B. as well as             C. so well                 D. so well as

此句的正常結構是這樣的：John plays football as well as David, if he doesn’t play football better than David. 由于命題者將其后的狀語從句移至句中，且將其省略成 if not better than，不少學生(尤其是一些閱讀能力較差的學生)對這個句子的分析感到無從下手，從而導致誤選。此題正確答案應為 B。

【分析】此題應選B。容易誤選A。這是一個省略句, 其中的  if not better than＝if he doesn't play football  better than。全句意為：吉姆踢足球如果不是比邁克踢得更好, 至少也是一樣好。請做以下類似試題 (答案均選D)：

(1) Her pronunciation is _________, if not better than, her teacher's.

A. as well                 B. as well as              C. as good                D. as good as

(2) This bridge is _________, if not stronger than, that one.

A. so strong              B. as strong              C. so strong as          D. as strong as

(3) He has been to Paris_________, if not more than, ten times.

A. so much               B. so many               C. so much               D. as many as

4. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _________, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who                     B. which                   C. this                     D. what

許多學生認為此題句子結構比較混亂，逗號太多，難于理清頭緒。請同學們先看下面一句：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _________ made the others unhappy. 一般同學都知道此題應填關系代詞 which，用以引導一個非限制性的定語從句。事實上，上面一題就是根據此題演變出來，只不過在 which 與 made 之間插入了一個 of course。所以上面一題應選B。又如：

(1) The meeting was put off, _________, of course, was exactly what we wanted.

A. who                     B. which                   C. this                      D. what

(2) He was very fond of speaking French, _________, indeed, he spoke well.

A. who                     B. which                   C. this                      D. what

以上兩題答案均選B，which 引導的為非限制性定語從句，其后的 of course 和 indeed 為插入成分。

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