for oneself與by oneself

■for oneself 有兩個(gè)用法：

1. 自己，親自

You can judge for yourself. 你可以自己做出判斷。

He demanded the right to decide for himself. 他要求得到自己做決定的權(quán)力。

2. 為自己，替自己

He made no complaint for himself. 他沒(méi)為自己訴苦。

She’s wangled an extra week’s holiday for herself. 她多弄到一星期的假。

He acted without thought for himself. 他那樣做的時(shí)候并沒(méi)考慮到自己。

■by oneself 有三個(gè)用法：

1. 單獨(dú)地，獨(dú)自地（= alone）。如：

I like to travel by myself. 我喜歡獨(dú)自旅行。

She was sitting by herself on a bench. 她獨(dú)自坐在一條長(zhǎng)凳上。

I often like to spend time by myself. 我平常喜歡獨(dú)自消磨時(shí)間。

2. 靠自己，無(wú)他人幫助（without help）。如：

He did it by himself. 他是自己干的。

I studied by myself for all hour. 我自己學(xué)習(xí)了一個(gè)鐘頭。

She can mend the fridge by herself. 她能自己修理冰箱。

I managed to do it by myself. 我是自己做成這件事的。

3. 自動(dòng)地（主要用于 by itself，意思相當(dāng)于automatically）。如：

This is a machine that works by itself. 這是一臺(tái)自動(dòng)工作的機(jī)器。

The door opens by itself as you approach it. 當(dāng)你靠近時(shí)候門(mén)就會(huì)自動(dòng)打開(kāi)。

The machine will start by itself in a few seconds. 機(jī)器在幾秒鐘后會(huì)自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟。