六、will與would的用法

1. 表示意愿

will 表示現(xiàn)在的意愿，would表示過去的意愿：

I will pay you at the rate you ask. 我愿意照你要求的價(jià)錢付款。

Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。

He wouldn’t help me yesterday. 他昨天不愿幫助我。

She asked if I would go with them. 他問我是否愿同他們一起去。

注：(1) 表示“意愿”的 will 有時(shí)可用于條件句中：

If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你同意，我可以送你回家。

(2) would也可表示現(xiàn)在的意愿，語氣較委婉：

I’d go there with you. 我愿同你去那兒。

I wouldn’t go. 我不會(huì)去。

2. 表示征求意見或提出請(qǐng)求

主要用于第二人稱的疑問句中，will和would均可用，would此時(shí)并不表過去，而表示委婉語氣：

Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脫掉?

Will [would] you please post the letter for me? 請(qǐng)幫我寄了這封信好嗎?

Would Sunday night suit you? 星期天晚上適合你嗎?

注：(1) 有時(shí)為使語氣委婉，可用否定式。總的說來，用would比用will委婉，用won’t和would’t比單獨(dú)用will和would要委婉。

(2) would有時(shí)用于提出想示，通常與like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等連用，若用于第一人稱有時(shí)也可將would換成should：

I’d like [love] to have a look at it. 我想看看它。

I would prefer not to go out today. 我今天不想出去。

3. 表示習(xí)慣和傾向性

will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would表示過去的習(xí)慣：

Oil will float on water. 油總是浮在水上。

This window won’t open. 這扇窗戶經(jīng)常打不開。

He’ll talk for hours, if you let him. 你要讓他講，他會(huì)講幾個(gè)小時(shí)。

The wound would not heal. (過去)傷口老不愈合。

When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 他小時(shí)候經(jīng)常去滑雪。

He would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at all. 有時(shí)他在那里一坐幾個(gè)鐘頭，什么也不做。

注：有時(shí)would表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的令人不耐煩的事：

That’s exactly like him—he would lose her keys! 他就是這樣，老丟鑰匙!

4. 表示推測(cè)

will用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在，would可用于談?wù)撨^去，也可用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在(語氣較委婉)：

This car will hold six people. 這輛小汽車可以坐六個(gè)人。

Ask him. He will know. 問問他吧，他大概知道。

You wouldn’t know. 你不會(huì)知道(www.hz123456.com)。

Every family would have some sort of trouble. 家家都會(huì)有本難念的經(jīng)。

The person you mentioned would be her father, is that right? 你提的那個(gè)人想必是她的父親，對(duì)嗎?

注：有時(shí)可后接完成式，表示對(duì)過去可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)：

You will have heard of it. 你已經(jīng)聽到那事了吧。

I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你現(xiàn)在可能已經(jīng)做完了吧。

5. 表示執(zhí)意或決心

will表示現(xiàn)在的執(zhí)意和決心，would表示過去的執(zhí)意和決心：

“Tell me the secret.” “I won’t.”“把秘密告訴我。”“我才不哩。”

I won’t have anything said against her. 我絕不讓誰說她的壞話。

He would do it, though I told him not to. 雖然我叫他不要做，可是他偏要做。

注：此用法可視為表意愿的加強(qiáng)用法，即強(qiáng)烈的意愿即為決心。

6. 其他用法

will 還可表示許諾、指示、叮囑等，而would還可用于評(píng)論某一特定的行為等：

You will have your share. 你會(huì)得到你那一份的。

You will do as I told you. 你得照我說的去做。

That’s just what he would say. 他就是愛那樣講話。

You would never do anything to hurt me. 你絕不會(huì)做傷害我的事的。

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