(5) “under+名詞”短語：

The new music hall is under construction. 新的音樂大廳正在修建中。

Your proposal is under consideration. 你的提議正在考慮中。

注：這類短語的名詞前不用冠詞，類似的還有under arrest(被逮捕)，under attack(受到襲擊)，under consideration(在考慮中)，under construction(在建設中)，under cultivation(被耕種)，under discussion(在討論中)， under examination(在檢查或調查中)，under fire(在炮火中，在攻擊中)，under investigation(在調查中)，under medical treatment(在治療中)，under repair(在修繕中)，under review(在檢查中)，under study(在研究中。

(6)其他介詞短語。除以上提到的幾種情況外，還有一些介詞短語也可表示被動意味，如for sale(供出售)，for rent(供出租)，at one’s service(聽憑某人使用)，above reproach(無可指責，無可非議)，above suspicion(不受懷疑)，above criticism(無可指責)，within sight(看得見)等。

七、兩類被動句型的轉換

英語中有一種主動句可以轉換成兩種被動句型，它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子，如：

People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。

→ It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。

→ She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。

比較上面兩類被動句型可以發現，一類是“it+be+過去分詞+that從句”，另一類則是“主語+be+過去分詞+不定式”(其中的“主語”為前一類句型中that從句中的主語)，通常可用于這兩類被動句型的動詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等，比較(同時注意其中時態和動詞形式的變化)：

It’s expected that he will come soon. / He is expected to come soon. 預計他很快就會來。

It’s expected that he has come. / He is expected to have come. 估計他會已經來了。

It’s known that is a good singer. / He is known to be a good singer. 大家知道他是位優秀的歌手。

It’s known that was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優秀的歌手。

八、重點考點原創精練

1. We looked and looked, but the ring was nowhere _____.

A. to find                  B. to be found           C. finding                 D. being found

2. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.

A. gave                     B. was given             C. had given              D. had been given

3. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.

A. give                     B. are given              C. have given            D. to give

4. I ______ from football practice because I had a cold.

A. excused                B. was excused          C. had excused          D. had been excused

5. A red sky in the morning ______ to be a sign of bad weather.

A. says                     B. is saying               C. has said                D. is said

6. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.(www.hz123456.com)

A. is dated from        B. was dated from      C. dates from            D. dated from

7. He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.

A. at, didn’t satisfy    B. to, didn’t satisfy

C. at, wasn’t satisfied D. to, wasn’t satisfied

8. Charles Babbage _______ to have invented the first telephone.

A. considered            B. had considered      C. was considered      D. had considered

9. “Do you know the girl in red?” “She seems to _____ me at last month’s party. But I’m not sure.

A. introduce to          B. be introduced to 

C. be introduced to    D. have been introduced to 

10. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.

A. develop                B. are being developed

C. are developing       D. have developed

11. It used to _______ that the Earth was flat.

A. think                    B. be thinking           C. be thought            D. have thought

參考答案：1—5 BBCBD  6—10 CCCCB  11 C

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