|
重點(diǎn)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義-主謂一致 | |||
作者:HMYY 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2012/5/31 |
|
||
說(shuō)明:引用此文請(qǐng)注明出處,并務(wù)請(qǐng)保留后面的有效鏈接地址,謝謝!
重點(diǎn)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義-主謂一致
一、概說(shuō) 主謂一致指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱與數(shù)的方面與主語(yǔ)保持一致。主謂人稱一致的問(wèn)題比較簡(jiǎn)單,因?yàn)槌齽?dòng)詞be和have有不同的人稱變化外,其他動(dòng)詞只有單數(shù)第三人稱一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)加詞尾-s 或-es。至于謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)數(shù)的一致問(wèn)題,則比較復(fù)雜,本章主要討論謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)數(shù)的一致問(wèn)題。 二、主謂一致的三個(gè)原則 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則 該原則要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致,即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式: Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是醫(yī)生。 Her job is teaching French. 他的工作是教法語(yǔ)。 2. 意義一致原則 有時(shí)候謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表示的概論,而不是其語(yǔ)法形式: This news is important for us. 這條消息對(duì)我們很重要。 Watch out! The police are coming. 當(dāng)心,警察來(lái)了。 3. 就近原則 有時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的的數(shù)決定于主語(yǔ)中最靠近它的詞語(yǔ): Either you or I am wrong. 不是你錯(cuò)了就是我錯(cuò)了。 Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老師和學(xué)生對(duì)此都不感興趣。 三、以集合名詞做主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 1. 通常用作復(fù)數(shù)的集合名詞 police(警察),people(人),cattle(牛,牲口)等集合名詞,總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù): The police were after him. 察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人們開(kāi)始議論她。 Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。 注:goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,且只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義: Such clothes are very cheap. 那樣的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的貨物都給他們送去了。 2. 只用作單數(shù)的不可數(shù)集合名詞 clothing(衣服),poetry(詩(shī)歌),baggage / luggage(行李), furniture(家具),machinery(機(jī)械),scenery(景色),jewellery(珠寶),equipment(設(shè)備)等集合名詞通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞,表示單數(shù)意義,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式: Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。 All their baggage was stolen. 他們所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 這家具搬起來(lái)很方便。 All the machinery in the factory is made in 3. 既可表示單數(shù)意義也可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集合名詞 family(家庭),team(隊(duì),隊(duì)員),class(班,班上的全體學(xué)生),crowd(人群),government(政府),crew(乘務(wù)員),committee(委員會(huì)),audience(聽(tīng)眾),public(公眾)等集合名詞,當(dāng)它們表示整體意義時(shí),表單數(shù)意義,當(dāng)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體意義時(shí),表示復(fù)數(shù)意義: Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一個(gè)大家庭。 Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。 The team is the best in the league. 這個(gè)隊(duì)在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員們?cè)谙丛琛?/SPAN> It was late, but the audience was increasing. 時(shí)間很遲了,但聽(tīng)眾人數(shù)卻在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 聽(tīng)眾都感動(dòng)得流了淚。 注:有時(shí)沒(méi)有特定的語(yǔ)境,用單復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)均可以: The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 觀眾對(duì)演出甚感激動(dòng)。 The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公眾有權(quán)知道這篇報(bào)告的內(nèi)容。 四、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 1. 由and和both...and連接的并列主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù): Jim and Mary are both interested in it. 吉姆和瑪麗都對(duì)此感興趣。 Both brother and sister are college students. 兄妹倆都是大學(xué)生。 注:(1) 當(dāng)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)受each, every, no的修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù): Every boy and (every) girl likes the book. 每個(gè)男孩女孩都喜歡這本書。 No desk and (no) chair was seen in the room. 房間里不見(jiàn)桌椅。 (2) 當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)數(shù)相加時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù): Six and eight makes [make] fourteen. 六加八等于十四。 (3) 當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)的詞語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常要用單數(shù): A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠(yuǎn)處看見(jiàn)一輛馬車。 2. 由or, nor, either...or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but等連接的并列主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致(即遵循就近原則): He or I am wrong. 不是他錯(cuò)了,就是我錯(cuò)了。 Either you or he has taken it. 不是你拿了就是他拿了。 Not only the children but also the mother wants to go. 不僅孩子們想去,母親也想去。 注意這類句型的疑問(wèn)句形式: Were you or he there? 當(dāng)時(shí)是你還是他在那兒? Are either you or he to blame? 是怪你還是怪他? 注:在非正式文體中,個(gè)別結(jié)構(gòu)(如neither…nor)連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)可用復(fù)數(shù): Neither his father nor his mother have [has] come. 他的爸爸和媽媽都沒(méi)來(lái)。 引用地址: |
|||
文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin | |||
【發(fā)表評(píng)論】【加入收藏】【告訴好友】【打印此文】【關(guān)閉窗口】 |
|
||||||
| 網(wǎng)站地圖 | 版權(quán)申明 | 設(shè)為首頁(yè) | 加入收藏 | 會(huì)員中心 | 取回密碼 | 友情鏈接 | 用戶留言 | 管理登錄 | ||||
|