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3. 如何區(qū)分as, when, while

I kept silent ______ he was speaking.

A. as                        B. when                   C. while                   D. that

此題應(yīng)選C。關(guān)于as, when, while 表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”的區(qū)別, 可作如下歸納：

1. 若主句表示的是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作, 而從句表示的是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作, 則三者均可用：

He fell asleep when [while, as] he was reading. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。

2. 若主從句表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作, 且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間, 一般只用while：

While he played the piano, I cooked the dinner. 他彈鋼琴時(shí), 我做了飯。

3. 若主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生, 且強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊……一邊”這樣的意思, 一般要用as：

She sang as she went along. 她邊走邊唱。

4. 若從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作, 而主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作, 可用 as / when, 但不能用 while：

When [As] he came, I was listening to the radio.

他來時(shí), 我在聽收音機(jī)。

5. 若主從句表示的是兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作, 一般用as(也可用when)：

I thought of it just as [when] you opened yourmouth. 就在你要說話的時(shí)候, 我也想到了。

6. 表示“每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”(強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)律性);或主從句動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生, 而是有先后順序, 一般都用when：

It’s cold when it snows. 下雪時(shí)天冷。

I’ll go when he comes back. 他回來時(shí), 我就走。

4. 關(guān)于hardly...when及no soooner...than

He had hardly arrived at the station ______ the train began to leave.

A. when                   B. that                     C. than                    D. where

此題要選A。容易誤選C。以下兩類句型意思和用法大致相同, 但搭配不同：

a. hardly...when...

b. no sooner...than...

以上句型需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

(1) 兩個(gè)句型均指“一……就……”, 句型a中的hardly也可換成scarcely, barely；其中的when也可換成before。但是, 千萬不要將句型a中的when與句型b中的than弄混。

(2) 以上兩類句型的主句通常是過去完成時(shí), 而從句通常應(yīng)是一般過去時(shí)。

(3) 若將hardly, no sooner置于句首, 其后要倒裝句式。

1. I had hardly closed my eyes ____ the telephonerang.

A. when                    B. that                      C. than                     D. where

2. Hardly had we arrived ____ it started to rain.

A. when                    B. that                      C. than                     D. where

3. He had no sooner heard the knock ____he opened

the door.

A. when                    B. that                      C. than                     D. where

4. No sooner had he done it _____ he knew he hadmade a mistake.

A. when                    B. that                      C. than                     D. where

答案：1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C

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