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英語復合形容詞的構成方法

■本站特約作者  陳根花

有讀者朋友在本站提問（www.hz123456.com/GuestBook/Guest_Reply.asp?TopicID=1333），希望了解有關英語復合形容詞的構成方法，我們特約請本站特約作者陳根花老師撰寫了本文，供朋友們參考：

復合形容詞寫起來經常帶有連字符。最常見的類型有如下幾種：

一、用分詞等構成的復合形容詞

1. 用過去分詞構成。如：

She watched him from behind half-closed eyelids. 她半閉著眼觀察他。

Long ago, people traveled in horse-drawn carriages. 很久以前，人們乘坐馬車旅行。

Foam-filled couches are a serious fire hazard. 泡沫填料的沙發是火災的一大隱患。

They sauntered along the tree-lined boulevard. 他們沿著兩旁綠樹成蔭的大道漫步。

My hearing-impaired sister signed “good-bye” to me. 我聽力受損的姐姐用手勢語向我告別。

Their single-minded devotion to the care of the dying was admirable. 他們對垂死者的盡心照顧真是令人欽佩。

The government has scrapped its plans for earning-related pensions. 政府已經廢棄了與收入掛鉤的養老金計劃。

Many buildings collapsed under the weight of rain-soaked ash and mud. 許多大樓在雨水浸泡的泥灰重壓下倒塌了。

According to a strict definition, the expenses of a self-employed person can be deducted from tax. 根據嚴格的定義，個體經營者的開支可從稅款中扣除。

2. 用現在分詞構成。如：

It is very space-consuming. 這東西很占地方。

It was a time-consuming and fiddly job. 這項工作耗時費事。

Appeals can be costly and time-consuming.上訴可能要花很多錢，并且很耗時間。

The long-playing record was made defunct by the arrival of the CD. 光盤的出現使慢轉唱片過時了。

The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for its residents. 這家旅館為旅客提供刷鞋服務。

You have a choice of hotel or self-catering accommodation. 你可選擇住旅館或自理膳食的住宿處。

The winter heatwave in California is a stark contrast to the below-freezing temperatures on the East Coast. 加州的冬季熱浪與東海岸的零下氣溫形成了鮮明的對比。

Our long-suffering mining communities deserve better than this. 我們長期受苦受難的采礦群體應該得到比這更好的待遇。

3. 用看上去像分詞而實際上是由“名詞加-ed”合成的詞構成。如：

He was bare-chested and barefoot. 他袒胸赤足。

In his later life he became even more absent-minded. 他晚年變得愈加健忘了。

He was hollow-eyed and seemed very close to exhaustion. 他眼眶深陷，看起來幾乎是精疲力竭了。

When the police arrived the burglars fled empty-handed. 警察趕到時，竊賊兩手空空地逃走了。

She is warm-hearted and kind to everyone and everything. 她對每個人每件事都很熱心、寬厚。

He might be a bore, but he was as quick-witted as a weasel. 他也許是個很無聊的人，可是卻像黃鼠狼一樣機靈。

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