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是定語從句還是獨立主格

請看下面一道題：是考查定語從句，還是考查獨立主格結構？

Not far from the school there was a garden, _____ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. its                       B. whose               C. which                  D. that

分析：此題很容易誤選B，許多同學會認為句中逗號后是一個非限制性的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其后的名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看，似乎天衣無縫，但實質上是錯的，原因是空格后根本不是一個句子，因為沒有謂語。盡管句中有兩個動詞，但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學認為，其中的 seated 可視為謂語動詞，但是注意，seat 用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其后要么接賓語，要么它就用于被動語態，所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is，則可以選擇B（當然若將 seated 改為 sitting，也應選擇B）。所以此題最佳答案選A。請再看一個類似的例子：

(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.

A. it                      B. them                   C. which                 D. that

(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it                      B. them                   C. which                 D. that

第(1)應選B，而不能選C，是因為句中的 translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語；第(2)應選C，因為句中有謂語 were translated。再請看下面一例：

(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it      B. them       C. which     D. that

此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個并列連詞and，說明這是一個并列句，故應選B，則不能選C。

請做做以下三題(答案均為B)：

(1) There I met several people, two of _____ being foreigners.

A. which                 B. them                    C. whom                  D. that

(2) There I met several people, two of _____ were foreigners.

A. which                 B. whom                   C. who                   D. that

(3) There I met several people, and two of _____ were foreigners.

A. which                 B. them                     C. whom                D. that