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習慣上要用不定式的五類典型用法

用法一  在 the first, the second, the third, the last 等之后通常用接不定式作定語。如：

You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二個犯這錯誤的人。

He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他喜歡參加社交聚會，總是頭一個來，最后一個走。

用法二  the function作主語時，其后的表語通常用不定式。如：

The function of an adjective is to describe or add to the meaning of a noun. 形容詞的作用就是修飾名詞。

The function of the supermarket is to provide the housewife with all the necessities. 超級市場的功能是為家庭主婦提供一切生活必需用品。

用法三  用作目的狀語時，英語習慣上要用不定式。如：

To pass the time, we played a game of cards. 為打發(fā)時間，我們玩起了紙牌。

To avoid the heat of the day we went out in the mornings. 為了避開最熱的時候，我們每天上午出門。

用法四  有些動詞后接另一動詞作賓語時，習慣上要用不定式（不用動名詞）。如：

Washing hands often is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease(s). 勤洗手是避免疾病傳染的有效方法之一。

In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. 在倫敦的很多地方，錯過了一趟公共汽車就意味著再等一個小時。

其后習慣上接不定式作賓語（但不接動名詞作賓語）的常見動詞有afford, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hesitate, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, threaten, wish等。

用法五  有些名詞后面習慣上接不定式作定語，而不用 of doing sth。如：

His unwillingness to accept the job increased her doubt of his ability. 他不愿接受這份工作更使她懷疑他的能力。

It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are. 做這份工作需要的是能力，與你來自何方以及你是誰無關。

這類名詞主要的有ability, agreement, appointment, anxiety, confidence, curiosity, decision, evidence, fortune, failure, freedom, need, nerve, obligation, order, patience, permission, permit, power, promise, refusal, strength, unwillingness, will, willingness, wish等。

【邊學邊練】用括號內所給動詞的適當形形式填空：

1. Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford ________ (stay) at a hotel.

2. For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first ________ (break) the silence.

3. The function of advertising is ________ (create) a unique image for your company.

4. ________ (make) sure I did everything right, I bought a fat instruction book.(www.nmet138.com)

5. Thankfully, I managed ________ (get) through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

6. I lived in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision ________ (come) back to China.

7. We are at your service. Don’t hesitate ________ (turn) to us if you have any further problems.(www.hz123456.com)

8. ________ (improve) the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products.

【參考答案】1. to stay  2. to break  3. to create  4. To make  5. to get  6. to come  7. to turn  8. To improve