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“there be＋名詞＋動詞”結構用法歸納

1. there be+賓語+現在分詞。現在分詞表示主動關系，同時表示動作正在進行：

There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。

There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站著一個男人。

There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。

There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里勞動。

有時現在分詞可表示一種狀態：

There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墻有一架鋼琴。

There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我們面前有很多困難。

There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座門通往花園。

有個別現在分詞用于該結構時可以表示將來(正如它們可用進行時表示將來一樣)：

There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10個人來吃晚飯。

2. there be+賓語+過去分詞。過去分詞表示一種被動關系，同時表示動作已經發生：

There is nothing written on it. 上面沒寫東西。

There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人喪生。

有時過去分詞也可表示一種狀態(可轉換成被動結構)：

There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。

There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外邊停著一輛紅色汽車。

3. there be+賓語+不定式。不定式通常表示動作尚未發生：

There was nobody to look after the child. 沒有人照顧這孩子。

There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要來給他送行。

There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能會有很大的損失，因此我們不能冒險。

【注】當其中的賓語與其后的不定式為被動關系時，可用主動表被動，也可用被動式：

There is much work to do [to be done]. 有許多工作要做。

有時其中的不定式為系表結構：

There is nothing to be afraid of. 沒什么可怕的。

What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?

There’s nothing to be ashamed of. 沒有什么值得羞愧的。