現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式與完成式用法備注

在通常情況下，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示先于謂語動(dòng)詞完成的動(dòng)作。如：

Having compared the new dictionary with [to, and] the old one, he found the new one more helpful. 將新舊詞典比較之后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)新詞典更有用。

Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. 那警察把我們的姓名和地址記下之后就讓我們走了。

Having bought the house, they couldn’t afford to furnish it. 買了房子之后，他們沒錢配家具。

Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅館之后，我們就去找吃飯的地方。

Having bought out all his partners he now owns the whole company. 他買下合伙人的全部股份，現(xiàn)在整個(gè)公司是他的了。

從理論上說，如果現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，那么現(xiàn)在分詞就應(yīng)該用完成式。但是，如果現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作緊挨著發(fā)生，并且現(xiàn)在分詞為一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可用一般式代替完成式。如：

Tying [Having tied] one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window. 他把繩子的一頭系在床上，另一頭扔出窗外。

注意，如果現(xiàn)在分詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，一般不可用一般式代替完成式。如：

她干完工作就回家了。

正：Finishing her work, she went home.

正：Having finished her work, she went home.

正：Having done her work, she went home.

誤：Doing her work, she went home.

另外，使用一般式代替完成式時(shí)，還要充分考慮上下文的語境，否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致混亂，比如下面這句的現(xiàn)在分詞用完成式是恰當(dāng)?shù)模?/SPAN>

Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我們買好票后就走進(jìn)劇場(chǎng)。

如果將它改為一般式buying our tickets…，則會(huì)很奇怪，給人的感覺好像是一邊買票，一邊走進(jìn)劇場(chǎng)。