duty的用法與搭配結構

1. 表示“責任”“義務”，視含義的具體或抽象可用作可數或不可數名詞。如：

Everyone has a duty to his country. 為國效勞，人人有責。

He did it out of a sense of duty. 他做此事是出于一種責任感。

表示作為工作一部分的“職責”或“職務”等，通常用復數形式。如：

Don’t forget your duties as a soldier. 不要忘記你作為一名戰士的職責。

Your duties include checking the post and distributing it. 你的職責是檢查和發送郵件。

2. 表示有責任或義務做某事，其后可接 to do sth 或 of doing sth。如：

A man has a duty to earn money for his family. 男人有掙錢養家的責任。

Every citizen has the duty of defending his country. 每個公民都有保衛祖國的責任。

3. 比較 do duty for sb（代替某人）與 do duty for sth（充當或當作某物用）。如：

He did duty for a sick comrade. 他接替一位患病的同志工作。

An old wooden box did duty for a table. 一個舊木箱子被當作桌子用。

4. 用于 on (off) duty, 意為“值（值）班”“當（不當）班”等（注意不用冠詞）。如：

He goes on duty at 8 am and comes off duty at 5 pm. 他上午8點上班下午5點下班。

The rule is that someone must be on duty at all times. 按照規定，任何時候均需有人值班。