英語(yǔ)中“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)用法說(shuō)明

“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)十分有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅是考試中的重要考點(diǎn)，而且在口語(yǔ)中也用得非常廣泛。可用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動(dòng)詞有 advise, allow, ask, bear, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish 等。如：

I hate women to smoke. 我不喜歡女人抽煙。

The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.  醫(yī)生建議我完全休息。

He didn’t allow the students to go there. 他沒讓學(xué)生們?nèi)ツ莾骸?/SPAN>

The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天氣寒冷凍死了植物。

He ordered the work to be started at once. 他命令馬上開始工作。

We expected him to arrive yesterday.  我們?cè)�認(rèn)為他昨天會(huì)到的。

We invited him to take part in the celebration. 我們邀請(qǐng)他一起參加慶祝會(huì)。

The doctor warned him not to smoke. 醫(yī)生告誡他不要抽煙。

My parents encouraged me to study abroad. 父母鼓勵(lì)我出國(guó)留學(xué)。

They forced her to sign [into signing] the paper. 他們強(qiáng)迫她在文件上簽字。

He persuaded his wife to change her mind. 他說(shuō)服他妻子改變了主意。

值得注意的是，漢語(yǔ)中許多“……某人做某事”的情形不能想當(dāng)然地用此結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯，下面是一些典型的例子：

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“害怕某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) fear sb to do sth。如：

我害怕他會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們。

誤：I fear him to find us.

正：I fear that he will find us.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“原諒某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) excuse [forgive] sb to do sth。如：

請(qǐng)?jiān)�諒我沒有早點(diǎn)給你回信。

誤：Excuse me not to answer your letter earlier.

誤：Excuse me not to have answered your letter earlier.

正：Excuse me for not answering your letter earlier.

正：Excuse me for not having answered your letter earlier.

正：Excuse my not answering your letter earlier.

正：Excuse my not having answered your letter earlier.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“拒絕某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) refuse sb to do sth。如：

他拒絕我使用他的自行車。

誤：He refused me to use his bike.

正：He refused to let me use his bike.

正：He didn’t allow me to use his bike.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“懲罰某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) punish sb to do sth。如：

老師罰他掃地。

誤：The teacher punished him to sweep the floor.

正：The teacher punished him by requiring him to sweep the floor.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“建議某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) suggest sb to do sth。如：

他妻子建議他戒煙。

誤：His wife suggested him to give up smoking.

正：His wife suggested that he (should) give up smoking.

正：His wife suggested his [him] giving up smoking.

正：His wife advised him to give up smoking.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“同意某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) agree sb to do sth。如：

他們同意我做這事。

誤：They agreed me to do it.

正：They agreed to let me do it.

正：They agreed to my doing it.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“通知某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) inform sb to do sth。如：

我已通知他們馬上離開。

誤：I've informed them to leave at once.    

正：I've told them to leave at once.

正：I've informed them that they must leave at once.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“歡迎某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) welcome sb to do sth。

歡迎你們來(lái)我們學(xué)校。

誤：Welcome you to come to our school.

正：Welcome to our school.

讓我們歡迎史密斯先生講話。

誤：Let’s welcome Mr Smith to speak.

正：Let’s welcome Mr Smith and ask him to speak.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“堅(jiān)持某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) insist sb to do sth。如：

他堅(jiān)持要我留在那兒。

誤：He insisted me to stay there.

誤：He insisted on me to stay there.

正：He insisted on my staying there.

正：He insisted that I (should) stay there.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“希望某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) hope sb to do sth。如：

他希望他所有的學(xué)生都能考上大學(xué)。

誤：He hopes all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.

正：He hopes for all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.

正：He wishes all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.

正：He hopes that all of his students can pass the college entrance examinations.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“安排某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) arrange sb to do sth。如：

我已安排他去參加會(huì)議。

誤：I've arranged him to attend the meeting.

正：I've arranged for him to attend the meeting.

正：I've arranged that he (should) attend the meeting.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“要求某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) demand sb to do sth。如：

他要求我把一切都告訴他。

誤：He demanded me to tell him everything.

正：He demanded of me to tell him everything.

正：He demanded that I should tell him everything.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“感謝某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) thank sb to do sth。如：

感謝你的邀請(qǐng)。

誤：Thank you to invite me.

正：Thank you for inviting me.

注：I'll thank you to do sth 可表示“求你做某事”、“你……好不好”(用作反語(yǔ))。如：

I'll thank you to be quiet while I'm speaking. 我講話時(shí)請(qǐng)你安靜點(diǎn)好不好。

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“祝賀某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) congratulate sb to do sth。如：

他寫信祝賀她當(dāng)選為勞模。

誤：He wrote to congratulate her to be chosen as a modern worker.

正：He wrote to congratulate her on being chosen as a modern worker.