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連系動(dòng)詞的分類及用法說明

連系動(dòng)詞是表示不完全謂語關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞，用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，特征或身份等。它與其后的表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。

一、連系動(dòng)詞的分類

連系動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其意義特點(diǎn)可分為以下幾類：

(1) 表示狀態(tài)的，如 be, seem，appear, keep, remain, stay, stand, lie, sit, continue等。

(2) 表示變化的, 如 become, get, turn, grow, go, come, fall, run 等。

(3)表示知覺的，如 look, feel, sound, smell, taste等。

(4) 表結(jié)果的，如 prove, turn out等。

二、連系動(dòng)詞的用法說明

連系動(dòng)詞后通常跟名詞或形容詞作表語；有時(shí)也可跟代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、從句等。如：

Helen became an electronic engineer. 海倫成了一名電子工程師。(名詞)

According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend. 據(jù)天氣預(yù)報(bào),到本周末天氣仍然很好。 (形容詞)

This is not something that money can buy. 這可不是金錢能買到的。 (代詞)

Alice was the first to arrive. 艾利斯第一個(gè)到。(數(shù)詞)

He will be away for two months. 他將外出兩個(gè)月。(副詞)

That looks like an interesting film. 那看來是部有趣的電影。(介詞短語)

The old man seems to have forgotten everything he learnt at school. 這們老人似乎把在學(xué)校里學(xué)的一切東西都忘光了。(不定式)

Their job was painting the boat. 他們的工作是油漆小船。(動(dòng)名詞)

Gone is the one who held me dearest in the world. 世界上最疼我的那個(gè)人去了。（過去分詞）

Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比溜冰更使人興奮。（現(xiàn)在分詞）

That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. 這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。(從句)

注：副詞通常不用作表語，少數(shù)能用作表語的副詞主要僅于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少數(shù)副詞小品詞以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少數(shù)表示地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞。