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英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)用法歸納：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1. 構(gòu)成

have / has been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。

2. 基本用法

(1) 表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這動(dòng)作可能仍在進(jìn)行，也可能已停止。如：

The telephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning. 整個(gè)早上辦公室里的電話鈴聲不斷。

Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 自那時(shí)以來(lái),他們一直在設(shè)法查明起火的原因。

What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見(jiàn)面以后，你在做什么？

In the past few years they have been dealing with quite a few international corporations successfully.

在過(guò)去的幾年中他們與好幾家跨國(guó)公司做生意一直做得很成功。

(2) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)得出的結(jié)論：

She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。

Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛紅了。她一直在哭。

(3) 有時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。如：

They have been seeing each other recently. 最近他們常常見(jiàn)面。

3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

(1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。如：

He has been writing a letter. 他一直在寫(xiě)一封信。(還在寫(xiě))

He has written a letter. 他寫(xiě)了一封信。（已完成）

(2) 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如work, study, live, teach, stay等, 用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多, 只是在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更多一些。如：

How long has your brother worked / been working in this factory? 你哥哥在這家工廠工作多久了？

I’ve lived / been living here since I taught in this school. 自從我在這所學(xué)校任教以來(lái)就一直住在這兒。

(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí)，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感情色彩。如：

I have waited for two hours. 我等了兩小時(shí)。(陳述事實(shí))

I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(等得好辛苦)