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高考英語非謂語動詞考點規律探究

1. 考查非謂語動詞的基本區別

從時間關系上看，不定式表未來，現在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成，同時注意不定式和現在分詞的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明顯的先后關系的完成)；從主動與被動來看，不定式和現在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動，同時注意不定式和現在分詞的被動式也表被動(不定式的被動式在表被動的同時還兼表未來，現在分詞的被動式表被動的同時還兼表進行)。如：

(1) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year. (湖南卷)

A. follows             B. followed           C. to follow            D. being followed

答案為 C。動詞不定式表示未來的動作。

(2) _______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (湖北卷)

A. Being separated                            B. Having separated    

C. Having been separated               D. To be separated

答案為 C。因為Australia與separate是被動關系，且separate發生在謂語動詞has之前，所以用現在分詞的完成被動式作原因狀語。

2. 考查非謂語動詞的語態

即結合句子意思，考查非謂語動詞與相應邏輯主語的關系，若為主動關系，用主動式；若為被動關系，用被動式。此時要特別注意，過去分詞沒有相應的被動式，因為它本身可以表示被動。如：

(1) The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_______. (湖北卷)

A. to spend          B. spent                 C. being spent     D. spending

答案為B。因money與spend是被動關系，所以用過去分詞。

(2) The prize of the game show is＄30000 and an all expenses _______ vacation to China. (北京卷)

A. paying              B. paid                   C. to be paid         D. being paid

答案為B。因all expenses與pay是被動關系，故用過去分詞。注意句中的an 不是修飾 expenses，而是修飾vacation。

3. 考查非謂語動詞完成式的用法

非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和現在分詞)的完成式主要表示發生在謂語動作之前的動作。做題時要注意根據題干所提供的語境來推斷這種先后關系。如：

(1) The storm left, _______a lot of damage to this area. (全國卷I)

A. caused             B. to have caused                               C. to cause    D. having caused

答案為D。因The storm與cause是主動關系，排除選項A；不定式作狀語，前面通常不用逗號，排除B和C；因暴風雨給這個地區“造成損失”是在“結束”之前，所以用完成式。

(2) More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _______　advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (上海卷)

A. taking               B. taken                 C. having taken   D. having been taken

答案為 A。因people與take advantage of是主動關系，排除選項B和D；take不會發生在謂語are signing up之前，不用完成式，排除C。

4. 考查非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語

在通常情況下，表伴隨情況的應用現在分詞。如：

(1) He glanced over at her, _______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (廣東卷)

A. noting              B. noted                C. to note              D. having noted

答案為 A。因為he與note是主謂關系，且note與謂語動詞glanced的動作同時發生，所以用現在分詞的一般式作伴隨狀語。

(2) Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______fun. (重慶卷)

A. had                   B. have                  C. to have             D. having

答案為 D。用現在分詞表伴隨情況。順便說一句，有時過去分詞也可表伴隨(注意過去分詞同時還表被動關系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：

He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來，后面跟著他的妻子。

5. 考查非謂語動詞用作目的狀語

在通常情況下，用作目的狀語只能是不定式。如：

(1) “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _______it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.” (福建卷)

A. having got       B. to get                 C. getting              D. get

答案為 B。作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式。

(2) It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______a look at the sports stars. (上海卷)

A. had                   B. having              C. to have             D. have

答案為 C。“看看體育明星”是“在體育館外等三個小時”的目的，作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式。

6. 考查非謂語動詞用作結果狀語

(1) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _______a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (山東卷)

A. have reached B. reaching           C. to reach            D. to be reaching

答案為B。伴隨著謂語動詞的發生而產生的自然結果，用現在分詞作結果狀語。

(2) He hurried to the station only _______ that the train had left. (廣東卷)

A. to find               B. finding              C. found                D. to have found

答案為 A。因為only to do是習語，意為“結果卻，不料”，hurried和find是先后發生的兩個動作。

7. 考查非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語

原則上，所有的非謂語動詞形式均可用作賓語補足語，其區別是：不定式表未來，現在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成和被動。如：

(1) I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_______. (北京卷)

A. going on          B. goes on            C. went on            D. to go on

答案為A。作with的賓語的補足語要用非謂語動詞，排除選項B和C；與謂語動作同時發生用現在分詞作賓語補足語，排除表示將來的不定式選項D。

(2) You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _______often enough (天津卷)

A. explaining       B. to explain         C. explain             D. explained

答案為D。賓語it與explain是被動關系，用過去分詞作賓補，have sth done意為“請人做某事”。

8. 考查非謂語動詞的邏輯主語問題

按照英語習慣，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語應與句子一致，否則就應調整句子結構。如：

While watching television, _______. (全國卷III)

A. the door bell rang                          B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring          D. we heard the doorbell rings

答案為C。因為watching的邏輯主語一定是we，排除選項A和B；又因在hear后作賓語補足語的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項D中的rings是錯誤的。

9. 考查非謂語動詞用作主語的問題

原則上說，動詞用作主語，只能是不定式或動名詞，不能是分詞形式。這類考題命題還往往用動詞原形作為干擾項進行考查，同學們做題需引起注意。如：

It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _______the answers ready will be of great help. (北京卷)

A. To have had   B. Having had      C. Have                 D. Having

答案為D。動名詞短語用作主語。

10. 考查“(be +) 過去分詞+介詞”結構

有一類“be+過去分詞+介詞”結構，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in 等，也往往是命題的熱點。如：

1. _______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (江蘇卷)

A. Having lost      B. Lost                   C. Being lost         D. Losing

分析：答案為 B。因表示“迷路于”是lose oneself in，題中沒有oneself, 所以the two students與lose是被動關系，應該用過去分詞作狀語。

2. _______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (湖南卷)

A. Dressed           B. To dress           C. Dressing          D. Having dressed

分析：答案為 A。由dress的賓語一定是人或oneself可知，dress與he是動賓關系，即he與dress是被動關系，要用過去分詞作狀語，Dressed in …=As he is dressed in …

11. 非謂語動詞的綜合考查

有時命題者會將多個知識點綜合起來進行考查，如在考查被動式的同時兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同時兼考分詞，等等。如：

(1) I don’t want _______ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. (天津卷)

A. to sound          B. to be sounded C. sounding         D. to have sounded

答案為 A。表示“想要做某事”want后只能接to do，排除選項C；sound like中sound是系動詞，屬不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態，排除選項B；sound 發生在want后，故不用完成式，排除選項D。

(2) “Is Bob still performing?” “I’m afraid not. He is said _______ the stage already as he has become an official.” (江蘇卷)

A. to have left      B. to leave             C. to have been left       D. to be left

答案為 A。因he與leave是主動關系，不用被動式，排除選項C和D；由already可知，要用完成式。