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二、 dozen一詞的相關用法實際上,英美語言專家對此已有十分明確的闡述。
Michael Swan的《Practical English Usage》 (第三版) 指出:After a number, the words dozen, hundred, thousand, million and billion have no final -s, and of is not used. This also happens after several and a few.(當hundred, thousand, dozen等詞用在數詞或several,a few后面時,沒有復數形式,后面也不用of。)
A J Thomson和A V Martinet合編的語法專著 A Practical English Grammar (Fourth Edition 1986)也指出:
The words hundred, thousand, million and dozen, when used of a definite number, are never made plural(hundred, thousand, million 和 dozen,與數詞連用時,從來不用復數形式)。
《Collins Cobuild English Usage》(2004) 在給出On the trolley were two dozen cups and saucers以及four dozen things, three dozen chocolate chip cookies等例證以后特意指出:Note that you use the singular form dozen after a number. You do not talk about ‘two dozens cups and saucers’. You also do not use ‘of ’ after dozen. You do not say ‘two dozen of cups and saucers’.(注意,dozen在數詞后用單數,不要說two dozens cups and saucers, dozen后也不要用of,不能說two dozen of cups and saucers.)
J.B. Heaton和N.D. Turton合編的《朗文常用英語正誤詞典》(譯文 / 朗文版1994)也指出:“數百個孩子”用hundreds of children。如說具體數字:二百個孩子則不用of,直接說two hundred children。dozen和hundred一樣。例如:‘dozens of eggs’ ,‘two dozen eggs’。
通過以上論證,我們不難得出這樣的結論:“基數詞(或不定冠詞)+dozen”修飾泛指的可數名詞時,后面不能用of,dozen也不能用復數。所以,《詳解詞典》的two dozen of police/eggs和《簡明英語搭配辭典》的two dozens of pencils在現代英語中都是不能成立的,應該改為two dozen police /egg/pencils。92年全國高考第29小題的選項A. dozen of也不能成為正確答案。
必須說明的是,當“數詞/a+dozen”修飾代詞以及被限定的名詞時,后面須加of,這時dozen仍然要用單數。例如:a dozen of his friends,three dozen of them,two dozen of the(se) eggs。
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