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動(dòng)詞用法與辨析陷阱題分析(下) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
作者:hmx 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2016/11/15 |
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動(dòng)詞用法與辨析陷阱題分析(下) 8. Nowadays everyone hopes to ______ good education so as to get a good job in the future. A. accept B. accept a C. receive D. receive a 【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。因?yàn)?/FONT>accept 與 receive 的基本區(qū)別是前者表示“接受”,后者表示“收到”,而漢語通常是說“接受教育”,而不是說“收到教育”,所以選A或B, 【分析】其實(shí)上,此題的正確答案是D,因?yàn)橛⒄Z中習(xí)慣說 receive a good education,而不說 accept a good education。另外,education 表示抽象意義的“教育”時(shí),不可數(shù),但表示“一種教育”或“一段教育”時(shí),可與不定冠詞連用。 9. Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun. A. care B. prevent C. defend D. protect 【陷阱】容易誤選B。因?yàn)樵S多同學(xué)一看到題干中的 from,再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 prevent,便馬上想起了 prevent … from … 這個(gè)常用搭配。 【分析】在 prevent A from B 這一句式中,A 和 B通常具有主謂關(guān)系,如在The rain prevented us from going out (下雨使我們不能出去)中,“我們”與“出去”就具有主謂關(guān)系。而上面一題不具備此特點(diǎn)。此題正確答案應(yīng)是 D,protect … from … 意為“保護(hù)……免受……”。 10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he ____ $2 000 for his car. A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent 【陷阱】容易誤選A,誤選的依據(jù)是pay … for … 這一搭配。 【分析】若單獨(dú)說 He paid $2 000 for the car (他付了2 000美元買這車)是完全可以的,但問題是,本句前面有這樣一句He was in great need of money (他急需要錢),既然是“急需要錢”,又怎么還會(huì)花2000美元去買車呢?尤其還需注意的是 car 前的物主代詞 his,這說明是為自己的車花2000美元錢,不合情理。此題的正確答案是B,take 在此表示“獲得”、“得到”,句意為“他急需要錢,把自己的車以2000美元給賣掉了”。 11. There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 【陷阱】此題容易誤選C。 【分析】其實(shí)應(yīng)選B。choose 表示“選擇”,其實(shí)是指“選擇出來”(pick out),而不是指“從……選擇”,要表示后者的意思,要用 choose from,有時(shí)也用 choose among。同樣地,下面兩例中的介詞 from 也不可省略: Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 這些詞典可供你選擇。 In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事實(shí)上,有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。 比較: He chose a red one. 他選了一個(gè)紅色的。 He chose from some red ones. 他從一些紅色的當(dāng)中去選。 He didn’t know which to choose. 他不知道選哪個(gè)。 He didn’t know which to choose from. 他不知道從哪個(gè)當(dāng)中去選。 請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案選D): (1) “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say.” A. chosen B. to choose C. to be chosen D. to choose from (2) “I’d like to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models ______.” A. to pick up B. to pick C. to choose D. to choose from 12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn’t listen. A. persuaded B. tried to persuade C. have persuaded D. was persuaded 【陷阱】容易誤選A。 【分析】正確答案為B。persuade 的真正意思是“說服”,而不是“設(shè)法說服”,要表示后者的意思英語應(yīng)用 try to persuade (當(dāng)然也可用其他詞,如 advise 等)。類似地: (1) kill 的意思是“殺死”,不表示“設(shè)法殺死”,要表示后者的意思英語用 try to kill。 (2) prevent 的意思是“阻止”,不表示“設(shè)法阻止”,要表示后者的意思英語用 try to prevent。 13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them. A. lay; laid B. laid; laid C. lay; lain D. lying; lain 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】正確答案選A。第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的過去式 lay;第二空 laid,它是 lay(放,置)的過去分詞,句意為“……她發(fā)現(xiàn)所有東西還在她當(dāng)時(shí)放它們的地方”。請(qǐng)注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及詞形變換: (1) lay 有兩個(gè)常見意思:一是表示“放”、“擺”(及物),二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如: Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。 Are your hens laying yet? 你的母雞下蛋了嗎? Will you please lay the table for dinner? 請(qǐng)你擺好餐具準(zhǔn)備吃飯好嗎? (2) lie 有三個(gè)主要意思:一是表示“躺”或“平放”,二是表示“位于”,三是表示“說謊”。用于以上三義時(shí),均為不及物動(dòng)詞。如: Don’t lie in bed all morning. 別一個(gè)上午都躺在床上。 The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著放在桌上。 Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。 The small town lies among the mountains. 小鎮(zhèn)位于群山之中。 I’m sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了謊。 (3) 這兩個(gè)詞經(jīng)常被混淆的有時(shí)不是其意思,而是其詞形。注意下表所示:
請(qǐng)做下題(答案均為B): (1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they aren’t _____. A. lay, lying B. laid, laying C. lay, laying D. lied, lying (2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk. A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain 14. He _____ a visit to the factory and was warmly _____ by the workers there. A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed 【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。因?yàn)樵S多同學(xué)會(huì)模仿 come → came → come 的變化形式,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 welcome的變化形式是 welcome → welcame → welcome。 【分析】此題第一空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞 paid,因?yàn)?/FONT> pay a visit to(拜訪)是慣用搭配,其中的 pay 不能換成take。第二空要填welcomed,因?yàn)?/FONT>welcome 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),其過去式和過去分詞均為 welcomed,即它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。有的同學(xué)也許會(huì)問,我們不是常說 You are welcome 嗎? 為什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed 呢?那是因?yàn)榇颂幍?/FONT> welcome 為形容詞,而不是動(dòng)詞。 15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】按英語語法,連系動(dòng)詞后通常接形容詞作表語,而不接副詞,據(jù)此可以排除選項(xiàng)B和D。但到底是應(yīng)選A還是C呢?許多同學(xué)憑感覺認(rèn)為 taste to be good 似乎很通順,于是選了C。但是,錯(cuò)了,正確答案應(yīng)是A。原因是用作連系動(dòng)詞的 taste 后習(xí)慣上不接to be。如: 這棵樹上的蘋果味道很好。 正:The apples from this tree taste delicious. 誤:The apples from this tree taste to be delicious. 類似地,feel, smell, sound 等連系動(dòng)詞后習(xí)慣上也不接不定式 to be。如: 你的想法聽起來很好。 正:Your idea sounds a good one. 誤:Your idea sounds to be a good one. 玫瑰發(fā)出香氣。 正:Roses smell sweet. 誤:Roses smell to be sweet. 比較:seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等連系動(dòng)詞后可以接不定式 to be,也可省略 to be。如: She seems (to be) a little tired. 她似乎有點(diǎn)累。 He appears (to be) quite young. 他顯得年輕。 The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 結(jié)果考試相當(dāng)容易。 The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天氣仍然很好。 注:用作連系動(dòng)詞的 look 后能否接 to be,各語法家意見不一:有的認(rèn)為可接to be,有的認(rèn)為不能接 to be。為此,建議同學(xué)們以不接 to be 為宜。 |
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