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中考英語語法完全突破——非謂語動詞 | |||
作者:柯帕斯 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數: 更新時間:2017/3/9 |
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考點9 考查不定式在特殊搭配中的用法 英語中有不少特殊結構要與不定式搭配,下面略舉幾例: 1. 在too…to do sth(太……以至于不能)結構中,動詞習慣上要用不定式。如: He is too old to do any work.. 他太老了,不能做工作了。 We are too tired to go any farther. 我們太累了,不能再往前走了。 He is too wise not see that. 他是那樣聰明,不會看不到這一點。 2. 在enough to do sth(足夠地……可以做某事)結構中,動詞習慣上要用不定式。如: He is old enough to go to school. 他夠上學年齡了。 He is old enough to take care of himself. 他大了,能照顧自己了。 Is the river deep enough to swim in? 在這條河里游泳水夠深嗎? 3. 當序數詞或受序數詞修飾的名詞后接動詞作定語時,該動詞習慣上要用不定式。如: She was the first to arrive. 她是第一個到達的。 H is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他總是第一個來,最后一個走。 Who was the first person to climb Everest? 第一個登上埃佛勒斯峰的人是誰? 如果不是序數詞,而是形容詞last, next等,情況也一樣。如: Miss Green was the next person to arrive. 格林小姐是下一個到的人。 【考例1】—Do you know Neil Armstrong? (www.hz123456.com) —Yes, He is the first man ________ on the moon. (江蘇南京中考題) A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked 【分析】答案選C。由于空格前的名詞man受到序數詞的修飾,所以空格處應填不定式。句意為:他是第一個在月球上行走的人。 【考例2】The woman was too excited ________ a word when shaking hands with Premier(總理) Wen. (湖南湘西中考題) A. say B. to say C. saying 【分析】答案選B。考查too…to do sth(太……以至于不能做某事)句式。又如:It’s too late to do anything about it now. 現在進行任何補救都為時太晚。 考點10 考查現在分詞在特殊搭配中的用法 英語中有不少特殊結構要與現在分詞搭配,下面為同學們歸納幾例: 1. 用于find sb doing sth,表示發現某人在做某事。如: He found her crying in the corner. 他發現她在角落里哭。 He found the lost child hiding in the cave. 他發現這個丟失的小孩躲在山洞里。 2. 用于catch sb doing sth,表示逮住(撞見)某人在做某事。如 The teacher caught the boy smoking. 老師撞見這個男孩在抽煙。 The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 老師發現他在上課時睡覺。 3. 用于keep sb doing sth,表示使某人不停地做某事。如: He kept the fire burning. 他讓火燃著。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 對不起讓你等了。 4. 用于leave sb doing sth,表示讓某人做某事或處于做某事的狀態中。如: His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信讓我感到很難受。 They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself. 他們走開了,讓我孤零零一個人坐在那兒。 5. 用于be busy doing sth,表示忙于做某事。如: She was busy preparing lessons. 她忙于備課。 (www.hz123456.com) Farmers were busy getting in the crops. 農民在忙著收莊稼。 有時可在busy后加上介詞in,此時的現在分詞則變成動名詞。如: 6. 用于spend sth doing sth,表示花時間或金錢做某事。如: He spent quite a lot of time doing that. 他花了不少時間做那事。 Mary spent the whole evening watching TV, and so did Jane. 瑪麗整晚都在看電視,珍也一樣。 有時可在現在分詞前加上介詞in,此時的現在分詞則變成動名詞。如: He spent quite a lot of time in doing that. 他花了不少時間做那事。 7. 用于have difficulty doing sth,表示做某事有困難。如: She might have difficulty in getting a job. 她找工作可能有困難。 I have difficulty in working out this problem. 我做出這道題來有困難。 有時可在現在分詞前加上介詞in,此時的現在分詞則變成動名詞。如: I have great difficulty in doing the work. 做這工作我覺得很吃力。 8. 用于end up doing sth,表示以做某事而告終。如: He didn’t want to end up going home alone. 他不想最后一個人回家。 At first he refused to admit his fault but ended up apologizing. 最初他拒絕承認他的錯誤,到頭來還是道了歉。 【考例1】Peter is busy ________ at school, but he never forgets ________ exercise every day. (四川成都中考題) A. working, doing B. working, to do C. at work, doing 【分析】答案選B。第一空填現在分詞,be busy doing sth(忙于做某事)為固定搭配。又如:She was busy writing letters. 她正忙著寫信。第二空填不定式,forget to do sth的意思是“忘記去做某事”。 【考例2】When we practice speaking English, we often end up ________ in Chinese. (遼寧錦州中考題) A. to speak B. speaking C. spoken D. speak 【分析】答案選B。end up doing sth的意思是“以做某事而告終”,其中的現在分詞不能換成其他的動詞形式。
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