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In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ___61___ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62___ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ___63___ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over ___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65___ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66___ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using ___67___ every day.
Later, engineers ___68___ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
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