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all, every與each的用法與區別

一、從強調的側重點來區分

三者都可用來概括全體，但強調重點不同：all(全部)是整體性地考慮總體(具有概括性)，every (每個)是考慮總體中的所有成員(與 all 很接近)，each (每個)是逐個逐個地考慮總體(具有個別性)。比較：

All players were very excited. 所有運動員都很興奮。

Every player was very excited. 每個運動員都很興奮。

He shook hands with each player in turn after the game. 比賽結束后，他同運動員一一握手。

二、從句法功能和詞性來區分

all 和 each 既可作形容詞(其后接名詞)，也可用作代詞(單獨使用或后接 of 短語)；而 every 卻只能用作形容詞(其后接名詞)，不能用作代詞(即不能單獨使用或后接 of 短語)。如：

正：All books are worth reading. 所有書都值得讀。

正：All of the books are worth reading. 所有書都值得讀。

正：Each book is interesting. 每本書都很趣。

正：Each of the books is interesting. 每本書都都很趣。

誤：Every of the books is interesting.

誤：Every is interesting.

三、從主謂一致方面來區分

each 和 every 之后通常接單數可數名詞，且該結構用作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數。如：

Each (man) does his own work. 各人做自己的工作。

Every student in our class is sure to pass the exam. 我們班的每個學生都肯定會通過考試。

若后接兩個用 and 連接的名詞，其謂語依然用單數。如：

Every [Each] man and woman knows it. 每個男人和女人都知道此事。

但是，each 可用于復數主語后作同位語，后面的謂語用復數。如：

The students each have a dictionary. 學生每人有一本字典。

四、從所涉及的范圍來區分

each 指兩者或兩者以上的“每個”，every 指三者或三者以上“每個”，因此指兩者時只能用 each。如：

He has books in each hand. 他兩只手都拿著書。

There are trees on each side of the road. 路兩邊都有樹。

Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 兩個小伙子走了進來，每人提著一只箱子。

五、從所接受的修飾語來區分

every 可受 almost, nearly 等副詞的修飾，但 each 卻不能。如：

Almost every family in the village owns a television. 村上幾乎每家都有電視機。

Nearly every child in the school passed the swimming test. 這所學校幾乎每一個兒童游泳都及格了。

差不多每個學生都讀過這本書。

正：Almost every student has read the book.

誤：Almost each student has read the book.