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英語特殊疑問句用法要點(diǎn)

1. 基本用法與結(jié)構(gòu)

特殊疑問句是由疑問詞提問的句子。疑問詞包括疑問代詞(如what, who, which, whose等)和疑問副詞(如when, where, why, how等)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞+一般疑問句”：

What are you doing? 你在做什么？

Which child knows the answer? 哪個孩子知道答案？

Whose bicycle is this? 這是誰的自行車？

When can you come? 你什么時候能來？

Where are you from? 你從什么地方來？

Why are your clothes so dirty? 你的衣服為什么這么臟?

How shall I answer her? 我怎樣回答她?

【注】若疑問詞用作句子主語，則為陳述句詞序：

Who gave you that book? 誰給你的那本書？

What made her cry so badly? 是什么使她哭得這樣傷心？

2. 如何就劃線部分提問

就劃線部分提問的基本方法是：先根據(jù)劃線部分詞語的意思和句法功能確定用什么疑問詞，然后將原句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧涓�在疑問詞的后面即可(注意去掉劃線部分)。請看實(shí)例：

He goes to school by bike.

→How does he go to school? 他怎么去上學(xué)？

Jim went home yesterday.

→When did Jim go home? 吉姆什么時候回家的？

He was born in Paris.

→Where was he born? 他出生在什么地方？

He can’t come because he is ill.

→Why can’t he come? 他為什么不能來？

This is Mary’s wallet.

→Whose wallet is this? 這是誰的錢包？

He bought a dictionary yesterday.

→What did he buy yesterday? 他昨天買了什么？

若劃線部分是句子主語，則只要用疑問詞代替劃線部分即可：

Jack stole our money.

→Who stole our money? 誰偷了我們的錢？

若劃線部分包含謂語動詞，則應(yīng)用do的適當(dāng)形式代替劃線部分：

He bought a dictionary yesterday.

→What did he do yesterday? 他昨天做了什么？

She was writing letters last night.

→What was she doing last night? 她昨晚在做什么？

He has sold his house.

→What has he done? 他做了什么？

3. 常用疑問詞的用法與區(qū)別

(1) 疑問代詞與疑問副詞的區(qū)別。疑問代詞主要用作主語或賓語，疑問副詞主要用作狀語。

(2) who 與 whom的區(qū)別。參見本書“代詞”一章。

(3) what, which, who的區(qū)別。參見本書“代詞”一章。

(4) how long, how often, how soon的區(qū)別。三者均可譯為“多久”，但有區(qū)別：

① how long 指多長時間，主要用來對一段時間(如three days等)提問：

—How long did he stay here? 他在這兒呆了多久?

—About two hours. 大約兩小時。

② how often 指每隔多久，主要用來對頻度副詞或狀語(如once a week等)提問：

—How often does he come here? 他(每隔)多久來一次?

—Once a month. 每月一次。

③ how soon 指再過多久，主要用來對表示將來的一段時間(如：in an hour等)提問：

—How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回來?

—In an hour. 1小時以后。

(5) how many 與how much的區(qū)別。兩者均表示“多少”，但how many 指數(shù)，其后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，how much 指量，其后接不可數(shù)名詞：

How many children does he have? 他有幾個孩子?

How much time did you spend on it? 做此事你花了多少時間?

有時其后不接詞，how many 依然指數(shù)(可數(shù))，how much 依然指量(不可數(shù))：

We have plenty of novels. How many do you want? 我們有很多小說。你要多少(本)?

You need some money? How much do you want? 你需要錢? 要多少?

另外，how much還可用來表示計算或詢問價錢、重量、程度等：(yygrammar.com)

How much is four times five? 4 乘以 5 等于多少?

How much is the coat? 這件上衣多少錢?

How much do you like her？你有多喜歡她？

How much does it weigh? 這東西有多重？

4. 兩點(diǎn)重要說明

(1) 特殊疑問句不能用yes和no來回答。

(2) 有時兩個疑問句可以疊用：(ask.yygrammar.com)

When and where was he born? 他出生于何時何地？

When and how did you find it? 你是在什么時候怎么找到它的？