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英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空考點(diǎn)——形容詞與副詞

【考點(diǎn)歸納】考查形容詞和副詞主要考點(diǎn)有：

1. 形容詞和副詞的基本用法：在句中，形容詞主要作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；副詞作狀語(yǔ)。

2. 形容詞和副詞在句中的位置：(特別注意：(1) 形容詞修飾不定代詞要位于后面；(2) 副詞enough修飾形容詞或副詞位于后面)。

3. 多個(gè)形容詞的排序：(限定詞+程度副詞+) 描繪性形容詞+表示大小(長(zhǎng)短、高低)、形狀、年齡(新舊)的形容詞+表顏色的形容詞+表國(guó)籍或產(chǎn)地的形容詞+表物質(zhì)材料的形容詞+表類別或用途的形容詞+名詞。

4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)句型：(1) 相等：as+原級(jí)+as；(2) 不如：not as / so +原級(jí)+as；(3) 超越：比較級(jí)+than；(4) 最…：最高級(jí)+of / in..；(5) 比較級(jí)形式表最高級(jí)意義：比較級(jí)+than any(other)+單數(shù)名詞，或否定謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)；(6) 越…就越…：the+比較級(jí), the+比較級(jí)；(6) 兩者中較…的那個(gè)：the+比較級(jí)(+of the two)；(8) 越來(lái)越…：比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)；(9) 和…一樣不：no more than等。

5. 比較等級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)：比較級(jí)前可用a bit, a little, rather, some, any表示“稍稍、一點(diǎn)”；用much, far, a great / good deal, a lot, a good bit等表示“…得多”(注意：(1) 在作定語(yǔ)的比較級(jí)形容詞前一般只用far或much；(2) 在修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的more前不可用much，而要用many；(3) 除quite better外，quite, very, so等不可修飾比較級(jí)。)；用still, even, yet表示“更加”。表示確定程度的修飾語(yǔ)，如分?jǐn)?shù)或有關(guān)長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間、重量等名詞詞組通常放在比較級(jí)前，也可由by引出而置于比較級(jí)之后。最高級(jí)前可用the very, the second, much the, (by) far the, not quite the等修飾。

6. 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法：(1) 倍數(shù)+as…as…(2) 倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than…(3) 倍數(shù)+the size / length / width / height / age等名詞+of…

7. 與形容詞同形的副詞與形容詞后加ly構(gòu)成的副詞的區(qū)別：(1) 與形容詞同形的副詞通常表示具體情況，而-ly副詞一般表示抽象概念，如high(高地) / highly(高度地，非常), wide(廣闊) / widely(廣泛地), close(接近地) / closely(仔細(xì)地、密切地), deep(深地) / deeply(深深地、非常)等(2) 修飾形容詞或在動(dòng)詞前通常只用-ly副詞(3) 有的意義相差很大，如hard / hardly, near / nearly, most / mostly, late / lately, fair / fairly等(4) 固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中用詞不同如deep in thought(沉思), deep into the night(深夜), take it easy(別急), easy come, easy go(易得則易失), sound asleep(熟睡), wide open(完全開著), wide awake(完全醒了)等。

8. –ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別：-ed形容詞表示“(某人)感到…”；-ing形容詞表示“(某事物)令人…”。

9. 在語(yǔ)境中選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞。

【命題熱點(diǎn)】

1. 基本用法及其在句中的位置；

2. 比較等級(jí)及其修飾語(yǔ)；

3. 在特定語(yǔ)境中選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)。

【應(yīng)試策略】

1. 掌握比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的表達(dá)方式，尤其是那些常見的句式結(jié)構(gòu)要做到張口能誦的程度。

2. 做題時(shí)要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，并注意習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配，認(rèn)真辨析從而做出正確選擇。

【真題精選】(按考點(diǎn)規(guī)律排列)

1. Can you believe that in ______ a rich country there should be ______ many poor people?

A. such; such     B. such, so       C. so; so        D. so; such

2. ______ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

A. Brave enough students  B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough  D. Students enough brave

3. If I had ______, I’d visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places.

A. a long enough holiday       B. an enough long holiday   

      C. a holiday enough long       D. a long holiday enough

4.—How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______ days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny 

C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last

5. It is generally believed that teaching is ______ it is a science.

A. an art much as           B. much an art as 

C. as an art much as            D. as much an art as

6. The director gave me a better offer than ______.

A. that of Dick’s  B. Dick’s    C. he gave Dick  D. those of Dick

7. Professor White has written some stories, but he is ______ known for his plays.

A. the best     B. more       C. better        D. the most

8. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move______?

A. a bit far   B. a little farther  C. a bit of farther  D. a little far

9. We advertised for pupils last autumn, and got ______ 60.

A. more than   B. more of     C. as much as    D. so many as

10. Greenland, ______ island in the world, covers two million square kilometers.

A. it is the largest  B. that is the largest  C. is the largest  D. the largest

11.—Are you satisfied with her answer?     

—Not at all. It couldn’t have been ______.

A. worse      B. so bad      C. better         D. the worst

12. Boris has brains. I doubt whether anyone in the class has ______ IQ.

A. a high     B. a higher C. the higher     D. the highest

13. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ______ choice.

A. good       B. the best  C. better      D. the better

14. The house rent is expensive, I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ______ here.

       A. as three times much B. as much three times

C. much as three times D. three times as much

15. Paper produced every year is ______ the world’s production of vehicles.

A. the three times weight of              B. three times the weight of

C. as three times as heavier as        D. three times as heavier as

16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ______ to her mother.

A. close       B. closely      C. closed       D. closing

17.— I’m very ______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

— Mm, it does have a ______ smell.

A. pleasant; pleased  B. pleased; pleased 

C. pleasant; pleasant  D. pleased; pleasant

18. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _______.

A. badly        B. hardly        C. strongly       D. heavily

19. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, ______ if you don’t speak the language.

A. extremely    B. naturally   C. basically    D. especially

20. Last night I had a terrible cold and ached all ______.

A. the way     B. over       C. at once       D. the worse

21. If you are ______ about Australia cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.

A. interested    B. anxious       C. upset       D. curious

22. Wait till you are more ______. It’s better to be sure than sorry.

A. inspired     B. satisfied    C. calm          D. certain

23. A person’s ______ body temperature is about 37℃.

A. ordinary     B. normal      C. common       D. usual

24. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea ______, neither of them could swim.

A. In fact     B. Luckily    C. Unfortunately  D. Naturally

25. All the people ______ at the party were his supporters.

A. present     B. thankful     C. interested     D. important

26. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he ______ passed the last exam.      

A. easily     B. hardly       C. actually     D. successfully

27. Their cheerful voice showed that they were having a ______ discussion.

A. noisy       B. serious     C. complete       D. friendly

28. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ______ trick.

A. ordinary     B. easy         C. smart         D. simple

【真題詳解】

1. B。such是形容詞，后接名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：such a / an +adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，such +adj.+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；so是副詞，后接形容詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)有：so+ adj.+ a / an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，so+ many / much (多) / little / few(少)+名詞。

2. C。enough修飾形容詞時(shí)要位于形容詞之后，排除B和D。brave enough to…構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ)，修飾students，形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)位于名詞之后。

3. A。考查enough修飾形容詞的位置。

4. B。根據(jù)“限定詞+形容詞”的原則，排除C和D。又根據(jù)“序數(shù)詞(包括last, past, next, another等)+基數(shù)詞(包括few, several等)”的順序排除A。若能記得課文中出現(xiàn)的in the last / past few years，那就更容易了。

5. D。as many / much +n. +as。2003年北京卷的第32題，就是模仿此題而出的，請(qǐng)看：Our neighbor has _____ours. A. as a big house as  B. as big a house as  C. the same big house as  D. a house the same big as(答案是B)。

6. C。注意比較對(duì)象的一致性，主任給我提供的條件比主任給Dick提供的條件好些。

7. C。他的plays與stories相比，plays更為出名。

8. B。句意為“你站得離鏡頭太近，可以離遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)嗎？”因此用比較級(jí)；又a bit of后接名詞，不修飾比較級(jí)。

9. A。more than后接數(shù)詞意為“多于(=over)”。more than有時(shí)還有“不只是(=not only)”“非常、十分(=very, extremely)”之意。如She’s more than kind to us.(她對(duì)我們非常友好)

10. D。the largest island in the world是Greenland的同位語(yǔ)。若將答案B的that改為which也對(duì)。

11. A。否定謂語(yǔ)加比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)含義，“不可能有比這更糟的答案了”。

12. B。這個(gè)班的任何一人與Boris相比，用比較級(jí)，排除A和D；比較級(jí)后有名詞，要用冠詞，不是特指不用the。

13. D。表示“(兩者中)較…的那一個(gè)”時(shí)，用“the+比較級(jí)”。

14. D。“倍數(shù)(twice / three times / …)+as+原級(jí)+as”是倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式之一。此處后面省略as I paid at home.

15. B。“倍數(shù)+the weight / size / width / length等+of”是倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式之一；若D中heavier改為heavy也對(duì)。

16. A。因感到很冷緊靠母親站著，指實(shí)際距離近，用副詞close；選項(xiàng)中還可以作副詞的closely一般指抽象意義，如listen closely(仔細(xì)聽)。

17. D。pleased一般指“(人)感到高興”，pleasant一般是指“(事物)令人愉快的”。

18. D。表示大雨大雪，用heavily。另有breath / drink heavily呼吸困難 / 狂喝暴飲；heavy drinker / smoker酒鬼 / 煙鬼。

19. D。especially(特別是), extremely(極端地), naturally(自然地), basically(基本上)。

20. B。all over到處、渾身。

21. D。be curious about對(duì)…好奇 / 有興趣，be interested in對(duì)…感興趣，be anxious about擔(dān)憂…，be upset about 對(duì)…心煩意亂。

22. D。sure暗示要選其同義詞certain。句意為“等到更有把握，有把握總比后悔好。”

23. B。normal正常的、正規(guī)的；ordinary普通的；common共同的、常見的；usual平常的。

24. C。“兩個(gè)人都不會(huì)游泳”這實(shí)屬不幸(unfortunately)。

25. A。present出席的、在場(chǎng)的(與absent相對(duì))。

26. B。second to none=the best比誰(shuí)都好，首屈一指。由關(guān)鍵詞but可知，選hardly=only just(剛剛)。

27. D。由關(guān)鍵詞cheerful(歡樂(lè)的)可知，他們正在進(jìn)行一次friendly(友好的)討論。

28. D。由surprised可知那個(gè)“騙局、花招(trick)”是如此“簡(jiǎn)單(simple)”。