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關(guān)閉窗口 做好非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題的兩大法寶
通過(guò)對(duì)歷年高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題的歸納和比較可以看出，每年差不多有三分之二的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題可能涉及以下“關(guān)系”：主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系。如果同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)能充分注意這兩大“關(guān)系”，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行分組排除，然后結(jié)合其他非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的相關(guān)知識(shí)，攻克非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞這一難點(diǎn)也就變得很容易了。
一、利用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系
這里說(shuō)的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系，指的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。若是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)式；若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)式。下面分三類舉例說(shuō)明：
1. 涉及不定式的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)式
(1) I feel greatly honored _________ into their society. (北京卷)
A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
答案為C。be (feel) honored后習(xí)慣上接不定式，故可排除B和D；又因?yàn)?/FONT>I與welcome之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。
(2) The message is very important, so it is supposed _________ as soon as possible. (陜西卷)
A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending
答案為A。be supposed后習(xí)慣上不接動(dòng)名詞，而接不定式，其意為“應(yīng)該做某事”，故可排除C和D；又因?yàn)椤跋ⅰ迸c“傳達(dá)”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)式。
2. 涉及動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)式
At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _________ could be heard outside the classroom. (全國(guó)II)
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
答案為C。由于desks與open和close的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用被動(dòng)式，可排除D；又因?yàn)橛糜诮樵~of后作賓語(yǔ)，所以要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式或過(guò)去分詞，故可排除A和D，所以答案選C(www.hz123456.com)
3. 涉及現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)式
_________ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (北京卷)
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
答案為A。首先要排除B和C，因?yàn)?/FONT>B為不定式，它用于句首時(shí)，通常是表示目的，在此不合句意；而C為動(dòng)詞原形，選它會(huì)構(gòu)成祈使句，一是句意不通，二是這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致前后兩句之間沒(méi)有連詞而出錯(cuò)。在剩下的A和D之間，只能選seeing，不能選seen，因?yàn)榫渥又髡Z(yǔ)是 I與see之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而非被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
【注意】由于過(guò)去分詞本身可以表示被動(dòng)，所以過(guò)去分詞不用被動(dòng)式，同時(shí)它也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式。請(qǐng)看幾道相關(guān)的考題：
(1) The trees _________ in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南卷)
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
答案為B。由于trees與blow down之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞。blown down in the storm在此用作定語(yǔ)，修飾the trees，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which were blown down in the storm。
(2) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _________ as much as we can. (江蘇卷)
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
答案為C。由于English與speak之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞。
(3) We finished the run in less than half the time _________. (江西卷)
A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
答案為C。由于time與allow之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞。in the time allowed意為“在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)”。
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