英語(yǔ)句子的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1. 當(dāng)think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，且本身為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。如：

I don’t believe you need worry. 我相信你不必憂慮。

I don’t think you need take it too seriously. 我想你不必對(duì)此過(guò)于認(rèn)真。

但是，若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope，賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。如：

I hope it doesn’t rain. 我希望不要下雨。

I hope you don’t mind my saying it. 我希望你別介意我說(shuō)這些話。

2. 許多動(dòng)詞后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式。在非正式文體中，我們常常愿意把第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加上否定詞，而不用否定的動(dòng)詞不定式。其實(shí)這樣做一點(diǎn)也不改變意思。例如與appear, seem, expect和happen連用時(shí)，就是這樣的。如：

Sibyl doesn’t seem to like you. 西比爾好像不喜歡你。

I don’t expect to see you before Monday. 我估計(jì)星期一之前不會(huì)見到你了。

It does not seem that the man understand what I am saying. 那男人似乎不了解我在說(shuō)什么。

與“intend / want+動(dòng)詞不定式”連用時(shí)，我們幾乎總是將not / never與第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞放在一起。如：

I don’t want to fail this exam. 這次考試我不想考不及格。

After I’ve finished this contract I never intend to teach again. 這個(gè)合同期滿后，我決不想再教書了。

請(qǐng)注意can’t seem to…這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

I can’t seem to get anything right. 看來(lái)我什么事也干不好。

3. 有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。例如：

I don’t remember having ever seen such a man.　我記得從未見過(guò)這樣一個(gè)人。(not否定動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) having…)

It’s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語(yǔ)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。)

4. 有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。如：

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.　螞蟻不只是為自己采食。(否定狀語(yǔ))

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 他并不因亞里斯多德說(shuō)過(guò)如何如何，就輕信此事。(否定because狀語(yǔ))

She had not been married many weeks when that man’s younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了，并對(duì)她的美貌著了迷。(否定狀語(yǔ)many weeks)