復(fù)合句中的省略用法

一、在對(duì)話、交談中

1. 回答問(wèn)題時(shí)，往往可省略從句或主句中的某些成分、甚至整個(gè)從句或主句。如：

(1) —Where were you when the fire broke out last night? 昨天晚上發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，你在哪？

—(I was ) In Li Lei’s. 在李蕾家。

(2) —What will you do when you finish your homework? 你做完作業(yè)后干什么？

—I’ll go to play football with some friends. 我去跟朋友踢足球。

(3) —What are you going to be when you grow up? 你長(zhǎng)大后打算干什么？

—I’m going to be a businessman. 我打算去做生意。

2. 提出建議、勸告、警告或許諾等時(shí)，也可省略句子中的某些成分。如：

(1) Work harder, and you’ll succeed. 工作再努力些，你就會(huì)成功。

(2) Take care when you walk on the ice. 在冰上行走時(shí)要小心。

(3) Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快一點(diǎn)，不然就會(huì)遲到了。

二、某些句型中

1. 表示時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句的主語(yǔ)跟主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)是it，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，就可將從句的主語(yǔ)及系動(dòng)詞 be 省略。如：

(1) Solid can be turned into liquid and liquid into gas if heated enough. =solid can be turned into liquid and liquid can be turned into gas if it is heated enough. 如果加到足夠的熱，固體會(huì)變成液體，而液體又會(huì)變成氣體。

(2) Have a little more if delicious. =You have a little more if it is delicious  如果好吃就多吃一點(diǎn)。

(3) Make changes where necessary. =You make changes where it is necessary. 在必要的地方作些修改。

(4) I won’t attend his party, though invited a few days ago. = I won’t attend his party, though I was invited a few days ago. 盡管幾天前請(qǐng)了我，但我還是不會(huì)參加他的聚會(huì)。

2. 表示時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句的主語(yǔ)跟主句的主語(yǔ)一致，就可將從句的主語(yǔ)省略，同時(shí)，將從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。如：

(1) He was very excited when told that he had passed the exam. =He was very excited when he was told that he had passed the exam. 當(dāng)告訴他考試通過(guò)了時(shí)，他非常興奮。

(2) If running a little faster, he will take the first place. =If he runs a little faster, he will take the first place. 如果再跑快一點(diǎn)，他就會(huì)獲得第一名。

(3) They began to talk warmly as if being good friends. =They began to talk warmly as if they were good friends. 他們就好像是好朋友一樣開(kāi)始熱烈地談?wù)撈饋?lái)。

3. 條件從句中的主語(yǔ)是第二人稱時(shí)，可將if及從句的主語(yǔ)省略成為祈使句，從而用and / or 等將兩句連接起來(lái)，成為并列句。如：

(1) Give me ten more minutes, and I’ll finish it. = If you give me ten more minutes, I’ll finish it. 多給我十分鐘，我就會(huì)把它完成了。

(2) Drive slowly, or you’ll get a fine. = If you don’t drive slowly, you’ll get a fine. 開(kāi)慢一點(diǎn)，否則你就會(huì)被罰。

有時(shí)，這個(gè)句型可進(jìn)一步省略，成為：more + 名詞，and + 句子。如：

A little more effort, and you get it finished. = If you make a little more effort, you’ll get it finished. 再努力一點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)把它完成了。

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