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| 從一道高考題看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 |
| 作者:admin 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2009-09-30 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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從一道高考題看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 2007年的山東高考卷中有這樣一道高考題: The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.(2007年山東卷) A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 此題答案為 B?疾楠(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。由于句子中沒(méi)有連詞,所以不能選 A。又因?yàn)閯?dòng)作于去年的三月底就已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以不能選表示未來(lái)動(dòng)作的 D 和表示進(jìn)行動(dòng)作的 C。 英語(yǔ)中的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)從語(yǔ)法上看,它是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的成分,而不是句子(因?yàn)榫渲袥](méi)有謂語(yǔ)),在句中主要用作狀語(yǔ),通?赊D(zhuǎn)換成狀語(yǔ)從句。下面談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種常構(gòu)成方式。 1. 名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 名詞或代詞通常是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,表示主動(dòng)的或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如: She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑來(lái),秀發(fā)在風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)著。 All this time, they were fast asleep, all of them knowing nothing about what had happened. 那段時(shí)間,他們都很快就入睡了,沒(méi)有人知道發(fā)生了什么事。 2. 名詞或代詞+過(guò)去分詞 名詞或代詞是動(dòng)作的承受者,與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或系表結(jié)構(gòu),表示被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作。如: This done, we went home. 做完此事,我們就回家了。(表時(shí)間) She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝視著,雙手叉在胸前。(表方式或伴隨情況) Arthur gone, he would only be allowed to make visits like other acquaintances. 阿瑟走后,他就會(huì)像其他相識(shí)的人一樣地被允許來(lái)拜訪了。(表?xiàng)l件) As yet few have done their full duty, present company excepted. 迄今全部完成任務(wù)的人很少,在座的人除外。(表除外) 3. 名詞或代詞+不定式 名詞或主格代詞通常是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,與不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常位于句首或句末。如: We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我們分了工,他擦窗戶,我掃地。(表伴隨) He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company. 他下周去參加一個(gè)會(huì)議,所有費(fèi)用由他的公司支付。 4. 名詞或代詞+形容詞或副詞 形容詞或副詞常用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如: He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排,嘴半開(kāi)著。 The people, their livelihood secure, now have the leisure to take up sports. 現(xiàn)在人民生活有了保障,就有時(shí)間參加體育活動(dòng)了(www.hz123456.com) She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前,衣領(lǐng)已解掉,頭低了下來(lái),拿好鋼筆,準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)始寫(xiě)一封長(zhǎng)信。 5.名詞或代詞+介詞短語(yǔ) 介詞短語(yǔ)也是用來(lái)說(shuō)明或代詞的性質(zhì)特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如: The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵們端著槍沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。 He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等著,眼睛望著她的背影。 The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐了下來(lái),面頰上還帶有淚痕。
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