談談“動詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

作者：陳穆嘉（湖南）

來源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2004年第10期（pp33-35)

“動詞+賓語+不定式”是英語中一個十分有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅是考試中的重要考點，而且在口語中也用得非常廣泛。可用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動詞有 advise, allow, ask, bear, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish 等。如：

I hate women to smoke. 我不喜歡女人抽煙。

    The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.  醫(yī)生建議我完全休息。

He didn’t allow the students to go there. 他沒讓學生們?nèi)ツ莾骸?/SPAN>

    The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天氣寒冷凍死了植物。

He ordered the work to be started at once. 他命令馬上開始工作。

We expected him to arrive yesterday.  我們原認為他昨天會到的。

    We invited him to take part in the celebration. 我們邀請他一起參加慶祝會。

The doctor warned him not to smoke. 醫(yī)生告誡他不要抽煙。

My parents encouraged me to study abroad. 父母鼓勵我出國留學。

    They forced her to sign [into signing] the paper. 他們強迫她在文件上簽字。

    He persuaded his wife to change her mind. 他說服他妻子改變了主意。

值得注意的是，漢語中許多“……某人做某事”的情形不能想當然地用此結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯，下面是一些典型的例子：

●漢語可說“害怕某人做某事”，但英語不說 fear sb to do sth。如：

我害怕他會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們。

誤：I fear him to find us.

正：I fear that he will find us.

●漢語可說“原諒某人做某事”，但英語不說 excuse [forgive] sb to do sth。如：

請原諒我沒有早點給你回信。

誤：Excuse me not to answer your letter earlier.

誤：Excuse me not to have answered your letter earlier.

正：Excuse me for not answering your letter earlier.

正：Excuse me for not having answered your letter earlier.

正：Excuse my not answering your letter earlier.

正：Excuse my not having answered your letter earlier.

●漢語可說“拒絕某人做某事”，但英語不說 refuse sb to do sth。如：

他拒絕我使用他的自行車。

誤：He refused me to use his bike.

正：He refused to let me use his bike.

正：He didn’t allow me to use his bike.

●漢語可說“懲罰某人做某事”，但英語不說 punish sb to do sth。如：

老師罰他掃地。

誤：The teacher punished him to sweep the floor.

正：The teacher punished him by requiring him to sweep the floor.

●漢語可說“建議某人做某事”，但英語不說 suggest sb to do sth。如：

他妻子建議他戒煙。

誤：His wife suggested him to give up smoking.

正：His wife suggested that he (should) give up smoking.

正：His wife suggested his [him] giving up smoking.

正：His wife advised him to give up smoking.

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