虛擬條件句的三種基本類型

條件句有真實條件句和非真實(虛擬)條件句兩種。真實條件句所表示的假設是有可能發生的，而非真實條件句則通常表示一種假想，與事實相反或不大可能會發生：

If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有時間，我就同他們去。(陳述語氣)

If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他們去。(虛擬語氣)

虛擬條件句的三種基本類型

一、與現在事實相反

若與現在事實相反，條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were)，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動詞原形”：

If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租車去，你可以快一點到那里。(但你不坐)

If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就可以給她打電話了。(可惜我不知道)

二、與過去事實相反

若與過去事實相反，條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(had+過去分詞)，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+have+過去分詞”：

If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早點動身，我就準時到了。(但我動身太遲了)

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我們當時早點找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。(可惜我們找到他太晚了)

三、與將來事實相反

若與將來事實相反，條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were)，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動詞原形”：

If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去嗎?(大概他不會去)

If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他會幫助我們。(不過我不打算這樣做)

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