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關(guān)閉窗口 確定分詞邏輯主語的四個絕招
■湖南 何素秀
第一招弄清分詞邏輯主語的概念
分詞屬非謂語動詞，即不用作謂語的動詞，所以它沒有真正的主語。但是，分詞作為動詞的一種形式，它應(yīng)有自己理論上或邏輯上的主語，即邏輯主語。如：
I often hear him singing this song. 我經(jīng)常聽他唱這首歌。(him 是singing的邏輯主語)
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. 聽到這消息，他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的邏輯主語)
若用的是過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，則上面提到的邏輯主語實(shí)為“邏輯賓語”。如：
I often hear this song sung. 我經(jīng)常聽到有人唱這首歌。(this song是sung的邏輯主語，但是sing 的邏輯賓語)
I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看見她被送到手術(shù)室。(her是being taken 的邏輯主語，但是take 的邏輯賓語)
第二招 理清使用分詞邏輯主語的易錯點(diǎn)
分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語通常應(yīng)是句子的主語，否則會出錯。請看下題：
1. Finding her car stolen, _________.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
此題答案應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)榫涫子米鳡钫Z的現(xiàn)在分詞短語finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語應(yīng)是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等。
在使用分詞的邏輯主語時還要注意根據(jù)句意判斷是主動還是被動。如：
2. _________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though to be told
C. Having told D. He was told
根據(jù)句意，he 與 tell 應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系。從時間上看，應(yīng)該是“被告訴”在先，“沒有理解”在后，故選A。比較下題由于句中用了并列連詞but，情況有所不同：
3. _________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though he was told
C. To have been told D. He was told
此題答案選D，句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個句子為并列句，同時表明 but 前應(yīng)是一個獨(dú)立的句子，而不能是一個非謂語動詞短語(所以不能選A或C)。
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