亚洲第一极品精品无码久久_无码国产色欲xxxx视频_国精品无码一区二区三区在线蜜臀_日韩av无码精品一二三区

close只能作非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞嗎？　　

本站特約作者 李 翔　　

《隨堂練習(xí)與評(píng)價(jià)》(配江蘇版)英語(yǔ)9A(江蘇科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 2011年8月第3次印刷)p75:　　　　

19. I want to know how long the shop has ___________.　　　　

A. closed B. been closed C. closing D. been closing 　　　　

P143: 19. B 倒閉多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間用延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，即“be closed”。　　　　

秦裕祥著《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題研究》(湖南師范大學(xué)出版社1999年5 月第1版)p22: ……根據(jù)這些語(yǔ)義特性，瞬間動(dòng)詞是絕對(duì)終止性動(dòng)詞，它們的動(dòng)詞一經(jīng)開(kāi)始即刻終止，通常條件下絕對(duì)不能延續(xù)。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:..., close,...　　　　

從以上可以看出以上兩書(shū)的編者都認(rèn)為close 是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。　　　　

然而，筆者認(rèn)為：籠統(tǒng)的、不加分析地把close 全部當(dāng)作非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是不科學(xué)的、也是不符合英語(yǔ)實(shí)際的。　　　　

請(qǐng)看《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)辭典》(英英•英漢雙解)(第4版電子版)上close作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一種用法：3. SHUT FOR A PERIOD OF TIME 關(guān)閉一段時(shí)間 [I,T] also 又作close up if a shop or building closes, or you close it, it stops being open to the public for a period time [暫時(shí)性] 關(guān)閉，歇業(yè)　　　　

從以上對(duì)close的解釋“SHUT FOR A PERIOD OF TIME 關(guān)閉一段時(shí)間”可知，此時(shí)的close確實(shí)是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并且既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞。　　　　

再請(qǐng)看英美國(guó)家中close作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的真實(shí)例證：　　　　

1. BUY-BNC BRTISH NATIONAL CORPUS (UK,1980s-1993) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University ) http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/：　　　　

More than 16,000 mining jobs have been lost since last October when British Coal unveiled its pit-closure programme, leaving a workforce of just 24,000. Nineteen collieries have closed since then, despite Government intervention. 　　　　

2.The CORPUS OF CONTEMPORAY AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2011) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/：　　

1990 Sleep-away berths for poorer minority youths have become scarcer. More than 2,500 camps -- about 　1 in　 5 -- have closed since the mid-' 70s; those of nonprofit agencies have been especially hard hit.　　　　

2001 "It was such a great way to relieve stress, " said one skater, who, fearing " the madness of the past week, " declined to give his name. " But passing the rescue workers outside, I was thinking maybe Chelsea Piers should have closed for a few days."　　　　

2001 The violence also has taken an economic toll. At least 25 Israeli hotels have closed since September.　　　　

2005 The ski industry has struggled over the past two decades as baby boomers turned to less demanding vacations such as cruising. More than 200 U.S. resorts have closed since 1985.　　　　

2005 Nationwide, according to data compiled by the federal government and Modern Healthcare magazine, more than 560 hospitals have closed since 1990-clobbered by stagnant reimbursement rates from government and the insurance industry, rising malpractice rates, skyrocketing prices for drugs and medical equipment, and increasing numbers of uninsured patients who can't pay their bills.　　　　

2006 The tab is growing. 　　California　　 spends half a billion dollars a year on illegal alien healthcare, only 11 percent is reimbursed by the federal government. Forty-four of California hospitals have closed since 2000.　　　　

2007 The Mixed Picture Around the world, the nuclear picture is mixed. 2007 Six U.S. reactors have closed since 1996, and seven in Canada are unlikely to operate again.　　　　

2009 The current global economic situation has depressed prices and challenged the rapid growth of galleries, says Mr. Ross. " Half of the 300 galleries in 　　Beijing　　's 798 area the main gallery district have closed since June, although some may reopen for the summer tourist season, " he says　　

從以上可以看出close完全可以作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。　　　　

最后，讓我們?cè)賮?lái)看篇首的試題，從試題所處的語(yǔ)境，很難推斷出close作“倒閉”的意思。　　

根據(jù)Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (8th edition 電子版)： 　　

3 [ transitive, often passive, intransitive ] to make the work of a shop/store, etc. stop for a period of time; to not be open for people to use 　　　　

4 [ transitive, intransitive ] ~ (sth) ( also ˌclose ˈdown, ˌclose sth ˈdown ) 　　　　

if a company, shop/store, etc. closes, or if you close it, it stops operating as a business 　　　　

可知：close 和shop的習(xí)慣性搭配是close作“關(guān)閉”解，無(wú)論是暫時(shí)性“關(guān)閉”，還是永久性“關(guān)閉”。　　　　

因此，選擇項(xiàng)A，即closed可以作為正確的答案；而所給的答案B，即been closed可以有兩種理解方式：一是close作及物動(dòng)詞，并且作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可以理解成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；二是close非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，be closed為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)。