打印本文 
關(guān)閉窗口 (2) cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特點(diǎn)為：只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如：
People will laugh at you. 人們會(huì)笑你的。
The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
For these many cattle were killed. 就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜。
注：表示牲畜的頭數(shù)，用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如：three head of cattle 3頭牛，twenty (head of )cattle 20頭牛。
(3) goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特點(diǎn)是：只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù))，但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如：
Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。
To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的？
(4) baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機(jī)器), poetry(詩), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶)，equipment(設(shè)備)等, 其用法特點(diǎn)為：是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞 (當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎?
特別提醒：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩，many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機(jī)器。
(5) 補(bǔ)充說明幾個(gè)特殊的集合名詞：
①hair(頭發(fā)，毛發(fā))：指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為集合名詞(不可數(shù))；指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為個(gè)體名詞(可數(shù))。如：
My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發(fā)已長(zhǎng)得很長(zhǎng)了。
The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。
②mankind(人類)：是一個(gè)不可數(shù)的集合名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不連用冠詞。如：
This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項(xiàng)造福人類的發(fā)明。
Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。
特別提醒：mankind 表示“人(類)”時(shí)，雖不可數(shù)，但有時(shí)卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)。如：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動(dòng)物。
③fruit(水果)：作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數(shù)的。如：
He doesn’t not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country. 他在農(nóng)村種水果。
但是，當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí)，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即a fruit 指一種水果，fruits 指多種水果。體會(huì)：
Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜，而不是一種水果。
3. 根據(jù)上下文的語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~。高考對(duì)名詞的考查還經(jīng)常涉及這樣一類考題，即要求考生根據(jù)所給句子上下文所暗示的語境選擇一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，這類題考查的不一定是要求考生辨析同義詞，而是要求考生根據(jù)語境的要求選出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或構(gòu)成固定短語或固定搭配，或使句子語意連貫、邏輯通順。請(qǐng)看兩道高考真題：
1. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _____.
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
2. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in _____.
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
第1題選C，構(gòu)成短語 put … into practice，意為“將…付諸實(shí)踐”；第2題選A，構(gòu)成短語keep in touch，意為“保持聯(lián)系”。
五、重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
1. 選擇最佳答案填空：
(1) "Can I help you?" "Two _____."
A. teas B. cup teas C. cups of teas D. cup of tea
(2) "Two brown _____ and one large white one, please." she said in _____.
A. loaf, tear B. loaves, tears C. loaf, tears D. loaves, tear
(3) How many years’ ______ does your teacher have of teaching English?
A. year’s experience B. year’s experiences
C. years’ experience D. years’ experiences
(4) Of her plays, three were _____ and one was ______.
A. success, failure B. successes, a failure
C. success, a failure D. successes, failure
(5) Mother bought two _____ of _____.
A. kilos, potatos B. kiloes, potatoes C. kilos, potatoes D. kiloes, potatos
打印本文 關(guān)閉窗口