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三、廣義上看，也可以理解為同位語

為了分析各類同位語的“變體”，《英語語法大全》在17.70節又列舉了各不同類型組合的同位語：

                完全的（full）——每個成分都可省略

                部分的（partial）——只有一個成分可以省略

                嚴格的（strict）——相同的句法類

同位關系  微弱的（weak）——不同的句法類

                非限制性的（nonrestrictive）——不同的信息單位

                限制性的（restrictive）——相同的信息單位

同時該書舉例如下：

(i) FULL, STRICT, NONRESTRICTIVE 完全、嚴格、非限制性的同位語。如：

Paul Jones, the distinguished art critic, died in his sleep last night.

(ii) FULL, WEAK, NONRESTRICTIVE 完全、微弱、非限制性的同位語。如：

Playing foothall, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.

(iii) FULL, STRICT, RESTRICTIVE 完全、嚴格、限制性的同位語。如：

My friend Anna was here last night.

(iv) FULL, WEAK, RESTRICTIVE 完全、微弱、限制性的同位語。如：

The question whether to confess or not troubled the girl.

(v) PARTIAL, STRICT, NONRESTRICTIVE 部分、嚴格、非限制性的同位語。如：

An unusual present was given to him for his birthday, a book on ethics.

(vi) PARTIAL, WEAK, NONRESTRICTIVE 部分、微弱、非限制性的同位語。如：

His explanation, that he couldn’t see the car, is unsatisfactory.

(vii) PARTIAL, STRICT, RESTRICTIVE 部分、嚴格、限制性的同位語。如：

Next Saturday, financial expert Tom Timber will begin writing a weekly column on the national economy.

(viii) PARTIAL, WEAK, RESTRICTIVE 部分、微弱、限制性的同位語。如：

His explanation that he couldn’t see the car was unconvincing.

我們現在來看看前面問題中的句子：China pledged on Monday to reform its laojiao system, the first sign of long-awaited progress after a senior official had promised to modify the controversial re-education-through-labor system

為便于表述，我們指定：

A=China pledged on Monday to reform its laojiao system

B=the first sign of long-awaited progress after a senior official had promised to modify the controversial re-education-through-labor system

對照以上說明，我們認為前面問題中的句子可視為“部分、微弱、非限制性”同位語，因為(www.hz123456.com)：

(i) 如果省略A，B不是一個可接受的句子；如果省略B，A是一個可接受的句子。也就是說，A和B中只能省略一個，故它屬“部分同位語”。

(ii) A和B當中，一個是句子，一個是名詞短語，顯然是“不相同的句法類”，故它屬“微弱的同位語”。

(iii) 至于限制性與非限制性，很顯然它是非限制性。

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