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關閉窗口 六是深化重要領域改革，增強經濟社會發展的內在活力。我們不失時機地推進改革，在一些重要領域取得重大進展。大力推進財稅體制改革，完善轉移支付制度，全面建立縣級基本財力保障機制，基層政府提供基本公共服務的能力有所提高；由公共財政預算、政府性基金預算、國有資本經營預算、社會保險基金預算組成的預算體系框架基本形成，預算外資金全部納入預算管理；統一內外資企業稅制，實現增值稅轉型，實施成品油價格和稅費改革，開展營業稅改征增值稅試點，改革資源稅制度，財稅體制對加快轉變經濟發展方式的促進作用增強。全面深化金融體制改革，國有大型商業銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機構改革有序推進，農村信用社改革成效明顯，銀行業新監管標準實施，創業板、股指期貨和融資融券業務相繼推出，保險業改革開放深入推進，人民幣匯率形成機制不斷完善，利率市場化和資本項目可兌換改革穩步推進，建立宏觀審慎政策框架，擴大人民幣在跨境貿易和投資中的使用。我國銀行、證券、保險業的抗風險能力和國際競爭力顯著提升，為成功應對國際金融危機沖擊奠定了堅實基礎。國有企業改革不斷深化，素質提高，競爭力明顯增強。制定鼓勵和引導民間投資健康發展的指導意見和實施細則，非公有制經濟發展環境不斷改善。建立生態補償制度，開展排污權和碳排放權交易試點。事業單位分類改革積極推進。
6. Deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development
We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.
We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country. County- and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services. We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extrabudgetary funds were placed under budgetary management. We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system. This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.
We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system. Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way. We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading. We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider. We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB’s convertibility under capital accounts, established a macroprudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment.
Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced. We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved. We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights. We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.
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