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一、利用時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志解題
所謂時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志，指的就是某些特定的詞、短語或句式，在通常情況下要與某種特定的時(shí)態(tài)連用，如yesterday, last week, last Friday等通常要與一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用；since, so far, in the past few years等通常要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；by the end of后接過去時(shí)間通常要與過去完成時(shí)連用；no sooner…than…, hardly…when…等結(jié)構(gòu)中的主句通常要用過去完成時(shí)，而從句通常要用一般過去時(shí)；等等。同學(xué)們在做題時(shí)若能充分利用這些時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志，同時(shí)結(jié)合句子語境，就可很快選出正確答案。如：
1. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science _________ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
【解析】答案選 B。根據(jù)句中表示對(duì)照的Years ago和recent可知，雖然“以前不知”，但“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)證明了”，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2.—You look very tired. _________ at all last night?
—No, not really. I’m tired out now.
A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping C. Did you sleep D. Had you slept
【解析】答案選C。句中的時(shí)間狀語last night很明顯地表明此處該用一般過去時(shí)。注意：不能選B，因?yàn)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的是過去正在進(jìn)行的情況，與句意不符。
二、利用句子語境解題
根據(jù)語境命題是近幾年來高考英語單項(xiàng)填空題的一個(gè)十分重要的趨勢，可以毫不夸張地說，每年的單項(xiàng)填空至少有百分之九十五的考題或多或少與語境有一定的關(guān)系。所以，同學(xué)們在做題時(shí)，除根據(jù)各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的不同用法和特點(diǎn)來分析外，還要充分根據(jù)句子本身所提供的語境來分析，不僅要使所填時(shí)態(tài)語法正確，而且要使句子意思通順，合情合理。如：
1. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _________ at the garage.
A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【解析】答案選C。上文說“不得不乘的士去上班”，這就說明車子正在修理，故用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；又由于“車”與“修理”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _________ to ask how I am going to spend the money. (湖南卷)
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
【解析】答案選D。句子上文說“自從我獲大獎(jiǎng)后，我的電話響過不停”，這就說明人們“給我打電話”這事正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
3. Scientists think that the continents _________ always where they _________ today.
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
【解析】答案選C。句意是：科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為各大陸并非一直在它們現(xiàn)在所處的位置。既然過去的位置與現(xiàn)在的位置不同，所以談?wù)撨^去情況用一般過去時(shí)。
三、利用關(guān)鍵詞解題
有的時(shí)態(tài)考題中往往會(huì)隱含有一個(gè)或幾個(gè)對(duì)解題起著重要作用的詞語，這就是我們所說的“關(guān)鍵詞”。同學(xué)們在解題時(shí)，若能充分挖掘這些關(guān)鍵詞，并進(jìn)行合理地分析和推理，對(duì)于得出試題的正確答案將會(huì)有很直接的幫助作用。如：
1. It is said that the early European playing-cards _________ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
【解析】答案選D。解答此題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住early這一形容詞。early European playing-cards的意思是“早期歐洲人玩的撲克牌”，既然是“早期”，肯定就是過去的事了，所以用一般過去時(shí)。
2. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _________?
A. did they speak B. were they speaking
C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking
【解析】答案選C。解答此題的關(guān)鍵詞是Listen to…(聽……)，由此可知，空格處要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
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