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“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)其后句子一定要用倒裝嗎 |
作者:陳根花 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2013-05-16 文章錄入:陳根花 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)其后句子一定要用倒裝嗎
■湖南 陳根花
國(guó)內(nèi)出版的絕大部分英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法書,在談到涉及 only 的倒裝時(shí),大都是這樣描述的:當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)其后句子要用倒裝。有的還說(shuō)得相當(dāng)絕對(duì):當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)其后句子一定要用倒裝。 當(dāng)然“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí),其后用倒裝的例句非常普遍。如: (1) Only now can I begin to apprehend the power of these forces. 直到現(xiàn)在我才真正了解這些隊(duì)伍的力量。 (2) Only if the chairperson resigns will we be able to restore the confidence of our members. 只有主席辭職,我們才能恢復(fù)成員的信心。 (3) The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飛機(jī)駕駛員要乘客們放心,這時(shí)我才明白剛才的情況有多危險(xiǎn)。 (4) Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted. 只有每一邏輯步驟都被其他數(shù)學(xué)家驗(yàn)證之后,證明才能成立。 (5) Only by keeping down costs will America maintain its competitive advantage over other countries. 只有通過控制成本,美國(guó)才能保持對(duì)其他國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
但是,當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)其后句子就一定要用倒裝嗎?不一定!這要分情況來(lái)看。 第一種情況 倒裝 若置于句首的“only+狀語(yǔ)”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“唯一性”或“排他性”,其后要用部分倒裝。如: (1) Only when the masses are fully mobilized can victory be won. 只有充分發(fā)動(dòng)群眾,才能取得勝利。 這句話的言外之意是:“取得勝利”的唯一前提是“充分發(fā)動(dòng)群眾”。 (2) Only gradually are technologies being developed to mechanize the task. 使這項(xiàng)任務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化的技術(shù)只能逐步發(fā)展。 這句話的言外之意是:使這項(xiàng)任務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化的技術(shù)只有“逐步發(fā)展”這一條路,這是唯一的,它排除了其他的可能性。 (3) Only when we have weighed all the factors involved can we decide when would be the best time to start. 只有權(quán)衡了所有有關(guān)的因素之后,我們才能決定何時(shí)開始最佳。 這句話的言外之意是:“要決定何時(shí)才是最佳的開始時(shí)間”,其唯一前提是“在權(quán)衡所有有關(guān)的因素之后”。 第二種情況 不倒裝 若置于句首的“only+狀語(yǔ)”不強(qiáng)調(diào)“唯一性”或“排他性”,比如當(dāng)其中的 only 表示 just 或 as recently as 等意思時(shí),此時(shí)其后的句子則不用倒裝。如: (1) Only today I saw her—she looks much better. ——摘自Oxford Practical English Usage 句意:就在今天我還見過她——她看起來(lái)好多了。 (2) Only last week you said you would never smoke again. That didn’t last long, did it? ——摘自Oxford Practical English Usage 句意:就在上個(gè)星期你還說(shuō)過你不再吸煙了。你的話過不了多久就不算數(shù),是不是? (3) Only a year ago, he was on the rack with a heroin addiction that began when he was 13. ——摘自Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary 句意:就在一年前,他還被13歲時(shí)開始染上的海洛因毒癮所折磨。 (4) Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. ——摘自Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary 句意:僅短短 5 年時(shí)間后,你的錢就會(huì)增多 94,000 美元。 (5) Only yesterday, it seemed to her, she had born Sophia. ——摘自《薄冰高級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》 句意:她似乎覺得她昨天才生的索菲婭。 比較: 倒 裝:Only today did I see her. 我只在今天見過她。(即其他時(shí)間未見過她) 不倒裝:Only today I saw her. 我就在今天還見過她。(說(shuō)明見過她后時(shí)間還不久) |
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