3. 根據句子語境確定

例1  Tony lent me the money, _______ that I’d do as much for him. (全國卷II)

A. hoping               B. to hope               C. hoped                D. having hoped

解析：答案為A。根據句子語境以及選項動詞hope的意思可知，空格處所填之詞在此表伴隨，而英語中表示伴隨的非謂語動詞通常就是現在分詞，故選hoping。句意為：托尼把錢借給了我，希望我能盡力為他工作。又如：She rushed past the policeman, hoping he wouldn’t ask what she had in her suitcase. 她趕緊從警察身邊走過去，希望他不會問起手提箱里有什么。

例2  He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched. (天津卷)

A. left                      B. to leave               C. leaving                D. having left

解析：答案為C。根據句子語境以及選項動詞leave的意思可知，空格處所填之詞在此表結果，而英語中表示結果的非謂語動詞通常就是現在分詞，故選leaving。又如：A man rushed past and jogged her elbow, making her drop the bag. 一個男人從她身邊匆匆走過，輕輕碰了一下她的肘部，結果她的袋子掉了。

例3  Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky. (四川卷)

A. finding          B. to find          C. being found      D. to have found

解析：答案為B。根據句子語境以及選項動詞find的意思可知，空格處所填之詞在此表結果，而且是表示令人感到意外的結果（尤其注意空格前的副詞only）。根據英語語法，表示意外的結果，通常用only to do sth，故選B。又如：He raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed. 他飛快地跑過起居室，卻發現前門鎖上了。

二、確定非謂語動詞時態的技巧

確定非謂語動詞時態方法很簡單，那就是看非謂語動詞所表示的動作是發生在謂語動詞之前還是之后——若發生在謂語動詞之前，則非謂語動詞用完成式；否則，就用一般式。如：

______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (重慶卷)

A. Having been asked B. To ask             C. Having asked     D. To be asked

解析：答案為A。從時間上看，顯然“被要求加班”在“錯過看電影”之前，故非謂語動詞要用完成式，據此可排除B和D；又因為動詞 ask 與句子主語之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，由此可排除表示主動意義的選項C。句意為：由于那天晚上我被要求加班，所以我錯過了一場很好的電影。又如：Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己當老板已經這么久了，他覺得難以聽從別人的差遣。

三、確定非謂語動詞語態的技巧

1. 根據句子的邏輯意義來確定

判斷非謂語動詞是要用主動式還是被動式，最簡單的辦法就是看非謂語動詞的邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是主謂關系還是動賓關系——若是主謂關系，則非謂語動詞用主動式；若是動賓關系，則非謂語動詞用被動式。如：

例1  China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______ in the South China Sea. (福建卷)

A. attacking             B. having attacked C. being attacked    D. having been attacked

解析：答案為C。考查 prevent sb (sth) from doing sth 結構，其意為“阻止某人（某物）做某事”。根據句意，Chinese fishing boats 與 attack 之間為被動關系，故動名詞要用被動式，可排除A和B；再根據動作的先后關系，可排除D。句意為：中國最近加緊黃巖島附近的水域控制來防止中國漁船在南海被襲擊。又如：The most important trees were tagged to protect them from being damaged by construction machinery. 最珍貴的樹木都被貼上了標簽，以防被建筑機械毀壞。

例2  We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ to achieve the final success.(湖南卷)

A. being done         B. do                    C. to be done         D. to do

解析：答案為C。從意義上看，“工作”應該是需要“被做”，故要用不定式的被動式。不過值得一提的是，need也可后接動名詞，此時則要用主動形式表示被動意義，所以如果將A改為doing，則也可視為正確答案。

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