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關(guān)閉窗口 3. 根據(jù)句子語境確定
例1 Tony lent me the money, _______ that I’d do as much for him. (全國卷II)
A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped
解析：答案為A。根據(jù)句子語境以及選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞hope的意思可知，空格處所填之詞在此表伴隨，而英語中表示伴隨的非謂語動(dòng)詞通常就是現(xiàn)在分詞，故選hoping。句意為：托尼把錢借給了我，希望我能盡力為他工作。又如：She rushed past the policeman, hoping he wouldn’t ask what she had in her suitcase. 她趕緊從警察身邊走過去，希望他不會(huì)問起手提箱里有什么。
例2 He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched. (天津卷)
A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left
解析：答案為C。根據(jù)句子語境以及選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞leave的意思可知，空格處所填之詞在此表結(jié)果，而英語中表示結(jié)果的非謂語動(dòng)詞通常就是現(xiàn)在分詞，故選leaving。又如：A man rushed past and jogged her elbow, making her drop the bag. 一個(gè)男人從她身邊匆匆走過，輕輕碰了一下她的肘部，結(jié)果她的袋子掉了。
例3 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky. (四川卷)
A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found
解析：答案為B。根據(jù)句子語境以及選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞find的意思可知，空格處所填之詞在此表結(jié)果，而且是表示令人感到意外的結(jié)果（尤其注意空格前的副詞only）。根據(jù)英語語法，表示意外的結(jié)果，通常用only to do sth，故選B。又如：He raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed. 他飛快地跑過起居室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)前門鎖上了。
二、確定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的技巧
確定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)方法很簡(jiǎn)單，那就是看非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前還是之后——若發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，則非謂語動(dòng)詞用完成式；否則，就用一般式。如：
______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (重慶卷)
A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked
解析：答案為A。從時(shí)間上看，顯然“被要求加班”在“錯(cuò)過看電影”之前，故非謂語動(dòng)詞要用完成式，據(jù)此可排除B和D；又因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞 ask 與句子主語之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由此可排除表示主動(dòng)意義的選項(xiàng)C。句意為：由于那天晚上我被要求加班，所以我錯(cuò)過了一場(chǎng)很好的電影。又如：Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己當(dāng)老板已經(jīng)這么久了，他覺得難以聽從別人的差遣。
三、確定非謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的技巧
1. 根據(jù)句子的邏輯意義來確定
判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞是要用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，最簡(jiǎn)單的辦法就是看非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系——若是主謂關(guān)系，則非謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)式；若是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則非謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)式。如：
例1 China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______ in the South China Sea. (福建卷)
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
解析：答案為C。考查 prevent sb (sth) from doing sth 結(jié)構(gòu)，其意為“阻止某人（某物）做某事”。根據(jù)句意，Chinese fishing boats 與 attack 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)式，可排除A和B；再根據(jù)動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，可排除D。句意為：中國最近加緊黃巖島附近的水域控制來防止中國漁船在南海被襲擊。又如：The most important trees were tagged to protect them from being damaged by construction machinery. 最珍貴的樹木都被貼上了標(biāo)簽，以防被建筑機(jī)械毀壞。
例2 We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ to achieve the final success.(湖南卷)
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
解析：答案為C。從意義上看，“工作”應(yīng)該是需要“被做”，故要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。不過值得一提的是，need也可后接動(dòng)名詞，此時(shí)則要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，所以如果將A改為doing，則也可視為正確答案。
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