高考英語必背短語動(dòng)詞26條　　

■湖南  劉青沅　　

短語動(dòng)詞是高考英語的一個(gè)十分重要的考點(diǎn)，每年必考。根據(jù)近五年的高考英語短語動(dòng)詞考題情況來看，此類考題主要涉及由 agree, blow, burst, bring, call, come, do, die, go, get, give, have, keep, look, make, put, pick, save, set, take, turn, work, watch 等常用動(dòng)詞所構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常搭配的介詞或副詞有 across, after, away, back, down, in, up, off, into, through 等。雖然看起來短語動(dòng)詞所涉及的詞匯并不多，難度也不大，但是，二十多個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞與十余個(gè)常用介詞或副詞搭配構(gòu)成不同的短語動(dòng)詞，學(xué)過排列組合的同學(xué)都知道，這是一個(gè)不小的數(shù)字——至少也有數(shù)百條。但是，好就好在高考命題很有規(guī)律，即只考查其中的重要短語，比如本文為同學(xué)們歸納的26條短語動(dòng)詞就是重點(diǎn)中的重點(diǎn)！　　

1. break down (機(jī)器等)損壞；(談判等)失敗；(談話等)中斷；(健康等)變壞；拆分　　

Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road. 我們的車壞了，我們只好把它推到路邊。　　

After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to retire. 在多年勞累之后，他的身體垮了，只好退休。　　

He showed us the whole dance, then broke it down so that we could learn it more easily. 他給我們演示了整個(gè)舞蹈，然后拆分開來讓我們更容易學(xué)習(xí)。　　

2. bring down 使落下，打倒；降低，減少　　

Stronger measures will have to be taken to bring down unemployment. 需要采取更有力的措施降低失業(yè)率。　　

The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation. 政府希望這些措施會(huì)有助于減輕通貨膨脹。　　

3. bring up 提出，提起；撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)；嘔吐　　

Every time I bring the matter up, he changes the subject. 每當(dāng)我提起這件事，他就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移話題。 　　

Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 她出生后不久父母雙亡，是由姑母撫養(yǎng)大的。　　

4. come across偶然遇見，碰上；（想法等）傳達(dá)；被理解(不及物)；給予印象(不及物) 　　

These themes come across very strongly in the novel. 這些主題在小說中表述得淋漓盡致。　　

When I was looking for my passport I came across these old photographs. 我在找護(hù)照時(shí)碰巧找到了這些舊相片。　　

5. cut down 砍倒；削減，壓縮，縮減　　

We must cut down expenses or we’ll be getting into debt. 我們得減少支出，否則就要負(fù)債了。　　

Your essay's too long—it needs cutting down a little. 你的論文太長(zhǎng)——需要?jiǎng)h減一點(diǎn)。　　

若表示“削減或縮減……”，則通常后接介詞on。如：　　

Cut down on fatty foods and alcohol if you want to lose weight. 如果你想減肥，你就要少吃高脂肪食物和少喝酒。　　

6. end up 結(jié)束，完事，告終；最后變成（成為）　　

Much of this meat will probably end up as dog food. 這塊肉的一大半最后可能得當(dāng)狗食。　　

I really wanted to work in television but I ended up in radio, which is the next best thing. 我確實(shí)想做電視工作，最后到了電臺(tái)工作，這是僅次于它的最好的工作。　　

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