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交際英語中常用“過去時”表示“現(xiàn)在”
■山東 劉永科
在交際用語中，說話人為了表示禮貌或客氣，常用過去時態(tài)來表達現(xiàn)在的情況。例如：
Would you please do me a favor?
Would you mind if I opened the door?
I’d appreciate it if you could be quiet.
Wouldn’t it be great if you explained the reason to us?
有些動詞包括情態(tài)動詞，其過去時態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在的情況，屬于一種委婉表達。除了would之外，could和might也同樣可以用來表達現(xiàn)在的婉轉(zhuǎn)請求、建議、疑問或看法。例如：
Could you tell me the way to the station? 請告訴我去車站的路好嗎？
Could I speak to you in private a moment, John? 約翰，我可以單獨跟你說一會兒話嗎
Oh, how could you be so stupid? 哎呀，你怎么這么蠢啊！
It's boring to walk all alone. Couldn't you go for walks with your friends? 一個人走路很沒意思。你可以和朋友們一起去散步呀？
Might I ask what you're doing here? 我可不可以問一下，您在這里干什么？
You might as well bring me a chocolate next time.你下次最好給我?guī)K巧克力來。
I might well regret it later. 我很可能以后會對此后悔的。
The paper says that it might rain tomorrow. 報上說明天可能下雨。
I have got a lot of books that might interest you. 我有許多書，也許你感興趣呢。
The drivers, as you might imagine, didn't care much for that. 和想象中的一樣，這些司機對此并不太在意。
【比較】
Could I use your telephone? （意味著I'm not sure if you will allow me to use your phone.)
Might I use your telephone? （意味著If I don't break it, would you mind my using your phone?)
此外，一些表示“想法，愿望”的動詞，如：wonder, hope, think, want等，它們的過去時態(tài)可以表示現(xiàn)在婉轉(zhuǎn)的想法或愿望。
I was wondering if you could lend me a hand. （是現(xiàn)在的委婉建議）
We hoped you would do us a favor now. （指現(xiàn)在婉轉(zhuǎn)的希望）
I thought you might like this flower.（指現(xiàn)在的情況，但不敢肯定。）
I wanted to ask you a question now.（擔心對方不給回答，屬于婉轉(zhuǎn)。）
Did you wish to see me at present? （屬現(xiàn)在的委婉請求。）
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