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“過去完成時(shí)”要慎用 |
作者:劉永科 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2013-07-25 文章錄入:劉永科 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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【特別注意】 在含有時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,若兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,則可以不需要用過去完成時(shí),尤其是在含有before與after的復(fù)合句中。 I closed the window before I left the room.我在離開房間之前關(guān)上了窗。 He came in, closed the door behind him and sat down at the desk.(三個(gè)動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系非常明顯,在先的動(dòng)作不需要用過去完成時(shí)) 常與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有: by the end of last week 到上周末為止 since he left 自他離開以來 by that time 到那時(shí)為止 long before 很久以前 (2) 表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性 過去完成時(shí)可以表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與by,for或since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。 He had been ill for a week when he was sent to hospital. 當(dāng)他被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院就醫(yī)時(shí),已經(jīng)病了一個(gè)星期了。 By 8:00 p.m. she had worked for twelve hours. 到晚上8點(diǎn)鐘,她已經(jīng)工作12個(gè)小時(shí)了。 My elder sister had worked in the company for ten years before she changed her job. 在換工作之前,我姐姐已經(jīng)在那家公司工作了10年。 在以下固定句式中,雖然兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,但主句使用過去完成時(shí),仍然表明動(dòng)作在先。 在hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than...句式中,主句常用過去完成時(shí),表示“一……就……”。 I had hardly left the room when the telephone rang.我剛剛離開房間電話就響了。 No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research. 她一到達(dá)就投身于她的研究。 Scarcely had the sick baby seen the nurse when she began to cry. 那個(gè)生病的小孩一看見護(hù)士就大哭起來。 【用法比較】 過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較: 過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都跟表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,如:for a week,for two years,for a long time等,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的,是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作(句中不能有明確表示過去時(shí)間的狀語),而過去完成時(shí)表示的,是在過去某時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時(shí)間的動(dòng)作(句中有表示過去某特定時(shí)間的狀語)。如: ①She had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回來之前就生病一個(gè)星期了。(到過去某時(shí)間) She has been ill for a week. 她生病一個(gè)星期了。(到現(xiàn)在仍生病) ②Everything had gone well up to that time.直到那時(shí),一切都很順利。(到過去某時(shí)間) Everything has gone well up to now.直到現(xiàn)在,一切都很順利。(到現(xiàn)在為止)
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