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非謂語動(dòng)詞妙題賞析
來源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2004年第11期（pp10-14)
1. Anyone ______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.
A. seen carry B. seen carrying
C. saw to carry D. saw carrying
【賞析】此題答案選B，anyone seen carrying bags…為 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中過去分詞短語 seen carrying bags … 用作定語修飾代詞 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 為 see sb doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)式。
2. Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could _______ more money.
A. make B. to make
C. making D. made
【賞析】此題容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 make。其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B，此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could do to make more money，即句中的不定式短語(to make more money)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語。請?jiān)倏搭愃评洌?/SPAN>
(1) My parents did what they could _____ my aunt and uncle.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helped
(2) He read what he could _____ his knowledge.
A. widen B. to widen
C. widening D. widened
以上兩題均選B，即選不定式，且此不定式為目的狀語。但是，同學(xué)們?nèi)魮?jù)此形成思維定勢，也會(huì)麻煩。為此，請?jiān)倏磧深}：
(3) He ran as fast as he could ____to catch the bus.
A. hope B. to hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴隨狀語，即一邊跑一邊希望能趕上早班車。但是，如果選B，將 to hope to catch the bus 視為目的狀語行不行呢？不行。因?yàn)?/SPAN>“他拼命地跑”目的是“為了趕上公共汽車”，而不是“為了希望趕上公共汽車”，換句話說，將“希望”作為“目的”不妥。因?yàn)橥瑯拥脑颍旅嬉活}也應(yīng)選 hoping：
He studied as hard as he could _____ to enter a good college.
A. hope B. to hope
C. hoping D. hoped
(4) He spent every minute he could ______ foreign languages.
A. study B. to study
C. studying D. studied
此題也應(yīng)選C，但是，它與上題選現(xiàn)在分詞 hoping 表伴隨有所不同，此題的 studying 其實(shí)與其前的動(dòng)詞 spend 有關(guān)，即套用的是“spend + 時(shí)間或金錢 + (in) doing sth”這一句型。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for sports.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【賞析】此題最佳答案為B。現(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用于 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語。
(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)?/SPAN>all her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯(cuò)，但問題是逗號前后兩個(gè)簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)?/SPAN>D中的is 改為 being也可以。
4. “What made her struggle _____ an artist so hard?” “____ she was a woman.”
A. became, 不填 B. to become, 不填
C. become, That D. to become, That
【賞析】此題容易誤選C，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為第一空應(yīng)填 become (不帶to)，是因?yàn)槠淝坝惺挂蹌?dòng)詞 made。其實(shí)，此題應(yīng)選D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主語，made 是謂語，her struggle to become an artist 是賓語 (其中的不定式 to become an artist 是修飾her struggle 的定語)，so hard 是賓語補(bǔ)足語。許多同學(xué)誤選C是將 her struggle 看作賓語，而將 become an artist 看作是賓語補(bǔ)足語，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢？第二空填 That，用以引導(dǎo)主語從句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的謂語和賓語等被省略，若補(bǔ)充完整，即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.
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